Carr UCONN Final

• President of Cuba from 1925 to 1933 and was a general of the Cuban War of Independence. 
• Slowly become more of a dictator in order to silence opposition.

• Was a Cuban poet and is remembered as the national poet of Cuba
• Afro-Cuban national figure and wrote about their life

• President of Cuba from 1933 to 1934 and then again from 1944 to 1948.
• He was instrumental in the passing of the 1940 Constitution of Cuba 
• Lost 1940 election to Batisita 
• Professor at University of Havana and was put forth by students to be the leader of the movement
• President for 100 Days 
• Established Minimum Wage, 8 Hour work days and decided that 50% of all workers must be Cuban

President of Cuba from 1948 until Batista led a military coup against him

• President of the Dominican Republic who served for three non consecutive terms. 
• 1) 1920 to 1962
• 2) 1966 to 1978 
• 3) 1986 to 1996

• For seven months in 1963 he was President of the Dominican Republic. 
• Progressive Figure 
• Nationalize sugar industry 
• Reason for coup overthrowing him

• Considered a Cuban national hero 
• Poet, philosopher and political theorist 
• Symbol for Cuba's bid for independence against Spain and also was against U.S expansion in Cuba 
• 1st Declaration of Havana (1960)- helped to develop the idea of race less ness and if black and whites came together in Cuba and would be able to exist in harmony

• She was Puerto Rican nationalist who was convicted of attempted murder and other crimes after leading an assault on the U.S House of Rep. in 1954 
• Freed from prison in 1979 after Carter's general pardon 
• Part of Jayuya Uprising

• "Father of Modern Puerto Rico" 
• 1948 he was the first democratically elected Governor of Puerto Rico 
• Liberal Part of Puerto Rico

• Leading figure in the Puerto Rican independence movement and was the President  of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party from 1930 until he died. 
• Jayuya Uprising

• Young Cuban boy whose custody battle become a center of heat between the Cuban and U.S government 
• Mother drowned while trying to leave Cuba 
• He was returned to Cuba in June 2000

Three Dominican sisters assassinated by Trujillo in response to their revolutionary activities known as 'las mariposas' or the butterflies, they are a symbol of political resistance

• Signed in Santo Domingo City it provided assistance of the U.S in the collection and application of customs revenues of the Dominican. 
• Past even though in 1905 there was an agreement made about revenue distribution

• Was an amendment (1901) to the military appropriation bill constrained by the earlier Teller Amendment 
• Laid down the conditions for withdrawal of U.S troops remaining in Cuba after the end of the Spanish-American War 
• Allowed for Guantamano Bay 
• 1934- Treaty of Relations between the U.S and Cuba repealed most of the provision in the agreement 
• Lease still stands
• Under Matin

• Known as the Law 53 of 1948 it is better known as the Gag Law. 
• It was enacted by the Puerto Rican Legislature of 1948 with the purpose of suppressing the independence movement in Puerto Rico
• Made it illegal to own a Puerto Rican flag, sing patriotic tunes, or hold an assembly in favor of Puerto Rican Independence
• Signed into law by the U.S appointed governor Pinero
• Repealed in 1957
• Silence nationalism  

• Jones Act of Puerto Rico 
• Signed by Wilson in March 1917 
• Granted U.S citzenship to the people of Puerto rico 
• Created a senate of Puerto Rico 
• Established a bill of rights 
• Authorized the election of a Resident Commissioner (served for four years) 

• Put in place in 1952 the convention approved Resolution 22 
• "Politcally organized community" 
• P.R offically designated itself with the term "Commonwealth of Puerto Rico" 
• Created a union with the U.S 

• Began in July of 1915 when U.S military landed at Port-au-Prince under the authority of Wilson to safeguard U.S interests in the island. 
• Ended in 1934 when FDR reaffirmed an August 1933 disengagement agreement 
• Last marines left in 1934 

• Admiral Caperton forced the Dominican Republic Secretary of War to leave S.C by threatening the city
• U.S imposed military government under knapp
• Fixed budget, new roads, made and replaced forces 
• Generally resented in the DR 

Trujillo used this phrase a lot to talk about the farming and peasant class in order to try and relate to them 

• Santo Domingo to Trujillo City 
• Named this after an earthquake and would keep the name Trujillo City until his assassination 

• The end sentence and title of the four hour speech Castro made in 1953.
• Said while defending himself in court against the charges brought agaisnt him after he led the attack on the Moncada Barracks 
• Published in 26th of July Manifesto 

• Reply of the people of Cuba to the Declaration of San Jose signed in 1960 by the foreign ministers of the government belonging to the Organization of American States 
• Drafted by Castro and approved in 1960 by more than a million Cubans 

• Che 
• Wanted to get rid of Capitalism 
• Desired that there would be no money 

• Improve the race 
• If you have a population of African descents if mixed with white you will erase the black race 
• Improved race 

• Afro-Cuban Dance 
• Guaguanco 

• related to scientific racism 
• Applied in Cuba and used it to say why blacks were inferior to whites 

• Power granted to the father for the executive benefit of the family and children subjected to it, to whom he owned protection 
• Reduction of parent power and its established laws 

• movement in black themed Cuban culture 
• 1920's 
• Ortiz 
• Marks the time between the two world wars when white intellectuals in Cuba acknowledged openly the significance of African culture in Cuba 

The act of changing government run firm into private sector 

• Haitian entering D.R. 
• Trujillo considered this an invasion 

Haitian women associated with money because they went out of the house into the market place 

• Practice of marrying someone with lighter skin than ones own in the hopes of producing lighter skinned offspring 
• Spaniards did this in the 18th century 

• Parsly 
• How it was said was a tool used by Trujillo to tell the difference between Haitians and DR

• Scissors in Spanish 
• How one said it could be used to determine the difference between H. and DR

• Che 
• Referring to capitalism 
• Idea that no one could win with that system 

• Began labor movement and stike/boycott in reaction to U.S involvement in Cuba 
• Refuted the Platt Amendment 

• Designed to support the government and improve managerial style 
• Worked to improve condition in the work force 

• Act of taking over a private industry by a government 
• Bosch and the DR sugar 

Local markets boomed and then went bust very fast in Cuba 

Transfer of money by foreign workers to his or her home country 

Based on P.R and put money into the D.R to gain a profit and bring goods back to P.R 

• establish 1960
• Espin was President (wife of Raul) 
• Had goals to bring women in to roles of power, develop communal services, mobilize women politically 

• Poverty 
• Political Climate 
• Conservatives left 

• 1959 to 1962 
• Cuba to America 

• 1965 to 1973 
• Similar to second wavers 
• Cuba 

• 1994 to mid 1990's 
• Exodus of over 7,000 Cubans from Cuba to the U.S. 
• Contributed to the rule of Castro due to the fact that as the U.S dollar was legalized in 1993 Castro was able to use the money 

• 1980 
• Mass emigration of Cubans who departed from Cuba Mariel Harbor for the US between April and Oct of 1980 
• Sharp downturn in Cuban economy 
• 10,000 Cubans asylum in Peruvian embassy 

• Extended period of economic crisis that began in 1991 after the dissolution of the Soviet Union 
• Severe shortage in gas
• Radically transformed the economy and many people forced to live without basic goods 

• Company town where sugar worked lived 
• Cuba 
• DR 
• Cane sites 

• Came right after Cuban Rev 
• Whiter and Wealthier 
• Already connect to U.S interests 
• More likely to go back and visit Cuba 

• Low income 
• Cuba 
• Working class 

Undesirable alien who has not legally entered a country 

• Capital city of Dajabon in the DR 
• Border Haiti 
• Masacre river 
• Parsley Massacre  (20 to 30,000 H ordered to death) 

• Name of project that industrialized PR 
• Shift from agriculture to manufacturing
• U.S government enticed companies to build there