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Ovulation expels an egg cell from the
follicle
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The remaining follicular tissue grows within the ovary, forming a mass called the
luteum
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The corpus luteum secretes hormones that help to maintain what?
pregnancy
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If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum what?
degenerates
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The egg cell travels from the ovary to the uterus via an?
oviduct or fallopian tube
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what in the oviduct convey the egg to the uterus, also called the womb?
cilia
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the endometrium is what?
- the uterus lining
- has many blood vessels
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what happens to the uterus at the cervix?
uterus narrows, then opens into the vagina
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Internal organs are the what, which produce sperm and hormones, and accessory glands
gonads
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testes consist of?
of highly coiled tubes surrounded by connective tissue
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seminiferous tubules
where sperm form
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Leydig cells produce?
- hormones and are scattered between the seminiferous tubules
- Production of normal sperm cannot occur at the body temperatures of most mammals
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Gametogenesis
the production of gametes by meiosis, differs in females and males
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spermatogenesis
- is production of mature sperm
- Sperm are small and motile and are produced throughout the life of a sexually mature male
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oogenesisis
- development of mature oocytes (eggs) and can take many years
- Eggs contain stored nutrients and are much larger
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what are the three differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?
- –In oogenesis, one egg forms from each cycle of meiosis; in spermatogenesis four sperm form from each cycle of meiosis
- –Oogenesis ceases later in life in females; spermatogenesis continues throughout the adult life of males
- –Oogenesis has long interruptions; spermatogenesis produces sperm from precursor cells in a continuous sequence
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Human reproduction is coordinated by hormones from what 3 things?
hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and gonads
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted by the hypothalamus and directs the release of what and what from the anterior pituitary
FSH and LH
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what do FSH and LH regulate?
processes in the gonads and the production of sex hormones
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FSH
promotes the activity of Sertoli cells, which nourish developing sperm and are located within the seminiferous tubules
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LH
regulates Leydig cells, which secrete testosterone and other androgen hormones, which in turn promote spermatogenesis
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Testosterone
regulates the production of GnRH, FSH, and LH through negative feedback mechanisms
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Sertoli cells secrete what hormone, which reduces what?
inhibin which reduces FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary
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Prior to ovulation what happens to the endometrium?
- endometrium thickens with blood vessels in preparation for embryo implantation
- In females, the secretion of hormones and the reproductive events they regulate are cyclic
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If an embryo does not implant in the endometrium, the endometrium is shed in a process called what?
menstruation
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changes in the uterus define the what?
menstrual cycle (also called the uterine cycle)
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changes in the ovaries define what?
the ovarian cycle
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The sequential release of GnRH then FSH and LH stimulates what?
follicle growth
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