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Define: A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive , and social change throughout the life span
Developmental Psychology
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What is genotype?
The genetic make up of an organism
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What is phenotype?
The physical characteristics of an organism
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What is a recessive gene?
A gene that has to come from both parents in order to be expressed in a phenotype (physical trait)
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What is a dominant gene
A gene that is fully expressed in the phenotype and doesn't need both parent to have the phenotype to express it
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Define: Threadlike, structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genetic code
Chromosomes
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Define: A molecule containing the genetic info that makes up the chromosome
DNA
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Define: Agents, such as chemicals, and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during pregnancy and cause harm
Tetratogens
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Define: an unlearned, automatic response to a sensory stimulus
Reflex
Think of examples a baby give as a reflex
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Define: psycholocial development contributed to our understanding of personality development throughout the lifespan.
Stage theory
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Define: An associating is formed between two events it doesn't control. Bell=food
Classical conditioning
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Define: Food in mouth causes automatic drooling. The food is the stimulus that triggers salivation
Unconditioned classical stimulus UCS
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Define Drooling without stimulus
Unconditioned Classical Response UCR
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Define A bell is now a stimulus that is associated with food
Conditioned stimulus CS
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Define The learned response to a previous stimululs. Ie. A bell makes a dog drool
Conditioned response CR
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What experiments did Pavlov do?
Classical conditioning
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What experiments did Watson do?
Little Albert..."Fear can be learned"
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Define: In classical conditioning, the tendency, after conditioning, to respond similarly to stimuli that resembles the conditioned stimuli
Generalization
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Define: in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other irrelevant stimuli
Discrimination
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Define: in classical conditioning, the weakening of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response (in operant conditioning, the weakening of a response when it is no longer reinforced.
Extinction
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Define: The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguish conditioned response
Spontaneous recovery
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Define: people/ animals associate their own actions based on consequences, good or bad.
(reward or punishment)
Operant conditioning
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Who performed operant conditioning?
Skinner "skinner box"
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Define: is a schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses. This schedule produces a high, steady rate of responding with only a brief pause after the delivery of the
Fixed ratio FR
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Define: schedule is a schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses.
Variable ratio VR
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Define: schedule of reinforcement where the first response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed.
Fixed interval FI
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Define: a schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed.
Variable Interval VI
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Define: neurons that fire when we preform certain actions or observe others doing so
Mirror Neurons. (Modeling principle) Bobo doll experiment
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Define: A desire to perform a h=behavior for it's own sake
Intrinsic motivation
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Define: a desire to perform a behavior to gain a reward or avoid a punishment
Extrinsic motivation
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Define: an individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
Personality
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Define: A characteristic pattern of behavior or a tendancy to feel and act in a certain way, as assessed by self-reports on a personality test
personality trait
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