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PTG 105-Exam 4-Muscles I
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1 organ of the muscular system is defined as:
1 whole skeletal muscle
Each muscle consists of what parts?
Skeletal muscle tissue
Connective tissue
Nerve tissue
Vascular tissue.
Skeletal muscles vary considerably in what aspects?
Size
Shape
Arrangement of fibers
What is the stapedium?
Tiny muscle of the middle ear
Define Atrophy:
Wasting or loss of muscle tissue
resulting from disease or lack of use.
Define Dystrophy:
Muscle wasting /weakness
due to disease of muscle itself (nerves are intact and normal)
What is Most atrophy is due to?
Lack of use
What is most lack of use atrophy is caused by?
Sedentary jobs or decreased activity of the elderly
How is lack of use atrophy reversed?
Vigorous exercise
What are the Two types/causes of muscle atrophy?
Nerve damage
Muscle disease
Name Diseases of the nerves causing atrophy:
Poliomyelitis
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Name Diseases of the muscle that cause atrophy?
Duchenne muscular distrophy
Congenital or inflammatory muscle disease
Neurogenic muscle atrophy is due to what?
Deprivation of normal muscle innervation
muscle develops atrophy
Describe the clinical presentation of Neurogenic muscle atrophy :
localized or generalized muscle weakness, may involve respiratory muscles
Histologically, what do Neurogenic muscle fibers look like?
Smaller than normal.
Is there nerve damage associated with muscular dystrophy?
No, nerve supply is intact
How do you get Muscular dystorphy?
Inherited
Describe muscular dystrophy:
Inherited disease that results in spontaneous progressive muscle degeneration
NO NERVE LOSS
What disease is inherited and results in spontaneous progressive muscle degeneration without nerve loss?
Muscular dystrophy
What is the most common type of muscular dystrophy?
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
How is Duchenne muscular dystrophy acquired?
X-linked recessive
What is the etiology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
No Dystrophin (structural protein that imparts muscle strength/flexibility)
What disease is marked by a lack of Dystrophin?
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
What is the age of onset for Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
5 years
When do most Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients die?
Around 20 years old
Describe the clinical changes in Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Starts with proximal limb muscle weakness
Shoulder and pelvic girdle are involved
Diff. waking/getting up from floor, climbing stairs
Muscle atrophy develops
What is distinct about the calf muscles in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Pseudohypertrophy of the calf muscles due to fat deposition
What disease is marked by Pseudohypertrophy of the calf muscle?
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
What causes death in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients?
Cardiac or respiratory failure
A child that has difficulty walking, getting up from the floor and climbing stairs may have what disease?
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
What sex is more prone to Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Males because it is X linked
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Author
kyleannkelsey
ID
217549
Card Set
PTG 105-Exam 4-Muscles I
Description
PTG 105-Exam 4-Muscles I
Updated
2013-05-04T01:48:23Z
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