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A set of complex hierarchical departments, agencies, commissions and their staffs that exist to help a chief executive officer carry out his or her duties.
Bureaucracy
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may be private organizations or governmental units
bureaucracies
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Who is in the bureaucracy?
15 executive departments, government corporations, independent agencies, Regulatory agencies.
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How many employees are in the Bureaucracy?
3 million
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What are some jobs in the bureaucracy?
- Scientific research
- clerk in welfare offices
- decide burn policies for natural forests
- undercover intelligence work
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What do bureaucracies do?
- 1.pay subsidies to farmers, veterans, scientist.
- 2. Transfer money to state and local governments for grants in aid for highway building.
- 3. devise and enforce regulations, such as safety features on automobiles.
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which president had the largest growth of bureaucracy?
FDR
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Relatively stable relationships among bureaucracies congress and interest groups
iron triangle
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The firing of public office holders of a defeated political party in order to replace them with loyalists of the newly elected party
spoils system
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What are some criticisms of bureaucracy?
- The Hatch act of 1939
- Accountability
- Red tape
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What are some positive and negatives of Bureaucracy?
- Positives:1. ability to manage a large, complex organization in an orderly manner.
- 2.supervisory offices and higher levels of management
- Negatives: 1. can be inefficient or wasteful
- 2. Red tape--paperwork and rules
- 3. slow to make changes
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1939 act to prohibit civil servants from taking activist roles in partisan campaigns
Hatch Act
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An organized group that tries to influence public policy
interest group
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organization that seek a collective good
public interest group
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What is the largest and most powerful interest group?
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What do interest group to to attain goals?
Lobby
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the activities of a group or organization that seeks to influence legislation and persuade political leader to support the groups position
Lobbying
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Positive and negatives of interest groups
Positives: Can convince government to change laws. can have interests of the public. Raise money for good reasons.
Negatives: can increase the cost of public policies. selfish interests.
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An intentional course of action followed by government in dealing with some problem or matter of concern
public policy
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What are the steps in policy making?
- 1. problem recognition
- 2. Agenda setting
- 3. Policy formulation
- 4. Policy adoption
- 5. Budgeting
- 6. Policy implementation
- 7. Policy evaluation
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identification of an issue that disturbs the people and leads them to call for governmental intervention
Problem recognition
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Congress has to make a law that leads to policy, so they must deem it worthy of attention
agenda setting
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planning for how to deal with the problem
Policy formulation
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no real change from past policies
Routine formulation
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the actual passing of the law often includes creation of new agency
policy adoption
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the allocation of resources to provide for the proper implementation of public policies
Budgeting
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where does the money for policies come from?
- diversion of funds from other programs
- higher taxes
- unfunded mandates
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actual carrying out of the new policy and putting it in to place
policy impletation
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process of determining if the policy is being carried out and is doing what it was designed to do
policy evalutation
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individual actions must be directed by the government
authorative
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encouraging action through benefits real or percieved
incentatives
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provide info and means to help themselves
capactity
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appeal to "better instincts"
hortatory
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when was the 1st real effort by government to regulate the economy?
1887
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The economy grew dramatically during?
great depression
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staying out of other bussiness
isolationism
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U.S. belief in being supperior
Moralism
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ability to take advantages of bad situations in the rest of the world
pragmatism
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the constitution gives divided foreign policy powers to
president and congress
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attempted to keep U.S isolated from European war, but drew U.S. in to war with britain
Embargo Act 1800
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Expanded the U.S power and nation
mexican war 1846
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made U.S. an imperial and world power
1898 spanish american war
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1917-1918 U.S. involvement in WWI was
decisive in ending the war
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After WWI the U.S. decided not to
join the league of nations and to become isolationist again
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What ways did the U.S show that we weren't a nation to be recon with in WWII?
- wake up a "sleeping giant"
- D-Day
- Atomic bombs
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After WWII we were led into the
cold war
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attempt to keep communism within USSN and China
containment
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brief improvement in relation with ussr
detente
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U.S. will provide arms and aid to anti soviet movement
Reagan Doctorine 1981-1989
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the opposite of isolation
engagement
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Amendment 1
- freedom of
- speech
- press
- assembly
- religion
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Amendment 3
no quartering of soldeirs
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Amendment 4
- no unreasonable searches or seizures
- exclusionary rule
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Amendment 5
- just compensation
- self incrimination
- double jeopardy
- grand jury indictment
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Amendment 6
- public trial
- right to counsel
- confrontation of witnesses
- impartial trial
- speedy trial
- compulsory trial
- criminal jury trial
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Amendment 7
civil jury trial
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Amendment 8
- no cruel and unusual punishment
- no excessive fines or bail
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Amendment 9
makes it clear that this special listing of rights does not mean that others dont exist
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Amendment 10
reiterates that powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people
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What are the qualifications for being president (or vice president)?
- Natural born citizen
- 35 years old
- live in U.S. for 14 years
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what are some powers of the president?
- suggest legislation
- sign or veto legislation
- can convene congress
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what are the official qualification for supreme court?
none
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unofficial qualifications of Supreme court
- previously held political office
- political experience
- prior judicial experience
- lawyer experience
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how many supreme court members?
9
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How many members are in the senate?
100
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how many members are in the house?
435
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What is the term of office in the Senate?
6 years
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What is the terms of office in the House?
2 years
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What are the qualifications to be in the senate?
- 30 years old
- 9 year citizen
- live in state represented
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What are the qualifications to be in the House?
- 25 year old
- 7 year citizen
- live in state represented
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The personal rights and freedoms that the federal government cannot abridge either by law, constitution or judicial interpretation
civil liberties
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positive governmental acts to protect individuals against arbitrary or discrimination
civil right
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examples of civil liverties
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The coherent set of values and beliefs about the purpose and scope of government held by groups and individuals
political ideology
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3 examples of ideologies
- conservatives
- Liberals
- libertatians
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What are the 4 functions of political ideologies? and definition
- explanation- understanding somone ideology can help explain actions
- evaluation-provides standard to evaluate social condition
- orientation- can provide a sense of identity a
- political program--help make political choices
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What are the steps for a bill to become a law?
- 1.The bill is introduced in one chamber of the Congress
- 2.The bill is assigned to a standing committee
- 3.The standing committee reports the bill back to the floor (whole chamber)
- 4.The bill is placed on a congressional calendar ( the schedule for the debates)
- 5.The chamber considers the bill - debate is held
- 6.A vote is held If it passes the first chamber, it is called an act
- 7.The Act is sent to the other chamber
- 8.The conference committee meets to iron out the differences in the versions of the legislation
- 9.The legislation is sent to the President for his signature.The president could veto the legislation
- 10.Congress may override a veto by a 2/3's vote of both chambers (becomes law)
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