The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand tension stress?
B) compact bone
Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.
D) fat
The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________.
A) osteoblast
What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?
C) hyaline cartilage
In bone formation, a deficiency of growth hormone will cause ________.
B) decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage
A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the ________.
B) diaphysis
The term diploë refers to ________.
B) the internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones
Select the correct statement concerning the location of blood-forming tissue.
C) The sternum (breastbone) is a good source of blood-forming tissue.
Factors in preventing (or delaying) osteoporosis include ________.
C) drinking fluoridated water
Ossification of the ends of long bones ________.
C) is produced by secondary ossification centers
Cartilage is found in strategic places in the human skeleton. What is responsible for the resilience of cartilage?
A) high water content
The most abundant skeletal cartilage type is ________.
D) hyaline
Which of the following is (are) not the function(s) of the skeletal system?
B) communication
The structural unit of compact bone is ________.
D) the osteon
Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner (osteogenic) layer consists primarily of ________.
C) osteoblasts and osteoclasts
The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called ________.
C) Perforating (Sharpey's ) fibers
The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the Haversian canal) is the site of ________.
C) blood vessels and nerve fibers
The small spaces in bone tissue that are holes in which osteocytes live are called ________.
B) lacunae
For intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary?
C) An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue
The process of bones increasing in width is known as ________.
B) appositional growth
Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?
B) osteoclast
Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?
A) parathyroid hormone
Vertebrae are considered ________ bones.
C) irregular
The universal loss of mass seen in the skeleton, which begins about the age of 40 ________.
B) reflects incomplete osteon formation and mineralization
A bone fracture perpendicular to the bone's axis is called a(n) ________ fracture.
C) transverse
Wolff's law is concerned with ________.
B) the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it
Cranial bones develop ________.
D) within fibrous membranes
Which of the following glands or organs produces hormones that tend to decrease blood calcium levels?
A) thyroid
Osteomyelitis is ________.
D) due to pus-forming bacteria
Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. Appositional growth is ________.
D) the secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage
Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth?
C) Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.
In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows ________.
C) by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis
Spongy bones are made up of a framework called ________.
D) trabeculae
Osteogenesis is the process of ________.
B) bone formation
Lengthwise, long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through ________.
D) interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates
Growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones. Which hormone is important for bone growth during infancy and childhood?
D) growth hormone
In some cases the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children closes too early. What might be the cause?
B) elevated levels of sex hormones
It is thought that remodeling or bone growth is in response to the forces placed on it. Which of the following hypotheses may explain how mechanical forces communicate with cells responsible for bone remodeling?
A) Electrical signals direct the remodeling process.
Normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of ________.
B) calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
Which fracture would be least likely in a 92-year-old?
C) greenstick
_____________ are not one of the four cell types that populate bone tissue in adults.
C) Mesenchymal cells
Ostealgia is ________________.
C) pain in a bone
What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause?
B) decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage
Which of the following is a bone marking name that indicates a projection that helps to form joints?
E) ramus
Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood, as well as shaping the articular surfaces?
A) epiphyseal plate
Blood cell formation is called ________.
hematopoiesis
A bone embedded in a tendon is called a(n) ________ bone.
sesamoid
A central (Haversian) canal may contain arteries, veins, capillaries, lymph vessels, and ________ fibers.
nerve
A long bone forms by a process known as ________ ossification.
endochondral
________ growth is growth in the diameter of long bones.
Appositional
________ are multinucleated cells that destroy bone.
Osteoclasts
________ is a disease of the bone in which bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit, leaving the person with thin and often very fragile bones.
Osteoporosis
A round or oval hole through a bone that contains blood vessels and/or nerves is called a(n) ________.
foramen
Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones. True or False
True
Compact bone is replaced more often than spongy bone. True or False
False
Bones are classified by whether they are weight-bearing or protective in function. True or False
False
The periosteum is a tissue that serves only to protect the bone because it is not supplied with nerves or blood vessels. True or False
False
Short, irregular, and flat bones have large marrow cavities in order to keep the weight of the bones light. True or False
False
In newborn infants, the medullary cavity and all areas of spongy bone contain yellow bone marrow. True or False
False
The structural unit of compact bone (osteon) resembles the growth rings of a tree trunk. True or False
True
The term osteoid refers to the organic part of the matrix of compact bones. True or False
True
Sixty-five percent of the mass of bone is a compound called hydroxyapatite. True or False
True
All bones formed by intramembranous ossification are irregular bones. True or False
False
An osteon contains osteocytes, lamellae, and a central canal, and is found in compact bone only. True or False
True
The trabeculae of spongy bone are oriented toward lines of stress. True or False
True
Bone tissue in the skeleton of a human fetus is completely formed at six months' gestation. True or False
False
Each consecutive bone lamella has collagen fibers that wrap in alternating directions. True or False
True
Cartilage has a flexible matrix which can accomodate mitosis of chrondrocytes. True or False