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what are sheep checked for at end of breeding season (october)? how is it treated?
- oestrus ovis - ivermectin
- (sneezing, stomping feet, mucoid nasal discharge)
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how long is breeding season/when should rams be removed from ewe pens?
50-60 days (3+ heat cycles)
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when is pregnancy check ultrasound done? what should be done is ewe has multiples? what is done if they didnt get pregnant?
- at 40-70 days
- separate ewes with multiples
- cull open ewes
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Between oct-november, ewes may abort so what should be boostered? what is considered natural rate of abortion?
- enzootic abortion of ewes
- vibrio (campylobacter)
- 2-3%
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does vibriosis cause early or late term abortions? is this a venereal disease in sheep?
- late (2-4 wk prior to lambing)
- NOT venereal (fecal/oral transmission)
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what are clinical signs/diagnostic features of vibriosis?
- fever, diarrhea, vaginal discharge
- may be asymptomatic
- thick, brown placenta
- *potbellied fetuses w/donut like foci in liver*
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how is vibriosis in sheep treated? will ewes develop immunity?
- oral chlortetracycline in feed 60d prior to and up until lambing
- -ewes that abort develop immunity
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is toxoplasmosis a venereal disease in sheep? will ewes develop immunity?
- NOT venereal (protozoa shed by cats)
- if abort, develop immunity
- *zoonotic*
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what is the effect of toxoplasma gondii on pregnant ewes?
- early embryonic death if infected up to 40days of gestation
- day 40-120 infected - abortion/mummy
- past 120, may have no effect or weak babies
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what are clinical signs/diagnostic features of toxoplasma gondii?
- *mummified feti, some normal lambs*
- white foci of necrosis on cotyledons
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how is toxoplasma gondii prevented?
- prevent feline fecal contamination
- neuter cats
- feed ionophores
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what is causative agent of enzootic abortion in ewes? when during gestation is abortion?
- chlamydophila abortus
- late term abortions; still/weak lambs
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what are expected clinical signs in ewes infected with EAE?
- ewes show no signs (may abort at next pregnancy)
- if lamb survives, may have pneumonia
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how is EAE transmitted? will ewe have immunity?
- ingest feces/urogenital fluids
- *venereally* transmitted by carrier ram
- yes, immunity post infection
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what are diagnostic findings/clinical signs with EAE?
- serosangiunous vaginal discharge
- *recent arthritis, conjunctivitis*
- no lesions on fetus
- coagulative necrosis of cotyledons
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is there a vaccine for EAE?
yes killed bacterin, but not for goats
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how is EAE treated?
tetracycline injection then chlortetracycline added to feed 60 prior to lambing until lamb
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In december when lambing begins, what does low quality hay predispose ewes to?
prolapsed vagina
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what is crutching?
removing wool from udder and perineum to avoid e.coli infection with lambing
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what % fat and protein should lamb milk replacer be?
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how much colostrum do sheep need? what is best alternative species?
- 10-15% BWT (about 120 ml/kg)
- goat colostrum better than cow
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what is major cause of perinatal mortality in sheep?
hypothermia and starvation
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what are some complications associated with castration?
- tetanus
- maggots
- infection
- missed testicles
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where is correct place to remove sheep's tail?
- between caudal vertebrae
- want tail long enough to reach vulva
- *use tetanus prophylaxis and fly spray*
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if lambs are born in january, when should creep feeding start? what should Ca: P ratio be?
- march - supplemental grain to nursing lambs
- 2:1
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how old are lambs for first vaccines? what are common first vaccines?
- 4-6 wks
- C. perfringens C, D and tetanus toxoid
- consider intranasal IBR/PI3
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how old are most lambs when weaned?
- 8-10 weeks then most go to feedlot (April)
- should be eating ~2 lbs dry feed per lamb per day
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