-
visual acuity
the ability to discern fine spatial detail in both close andy distant objects
-
presbycusis
loss of the ability to hear sounds of high frequency
-
glaucoma
a condition in which pressure in the fluid of the eye increases, either because the fluid cannot drain properly or because too much fluid is produced
-
presbyopia
a nearly universal change in eyesight during middle adulthood that results in some loss of near vision
-
crystallized intelligence
the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply in problem-solving situations
-
fluid intelligence
reflects information processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory
-
expertise
is the acquisition of skill or knowledge in a particular area
-
selective optimization
the process by which people concentrate on particular skill areas to compensate for losses in other areas
-
short term memory
15 to 20 seconds
-
long term memory
stored on a relatively permanent basis
-
schemas
organized bodies of info stored in memory
-
mnemonic strategies
formal strategies for organizing material in ways that make it mor likely to be remembered.
- Get Organized
- Pay attention
- Use the encoding specifity phenomenon
- Visualize
- Rehearse
-
Mid-life crisis
a stage of uncertainty and indecision brought about by the realization that life is finite
-
life events model
the approach to personality development that is based on the timing of particular events in an adults life rather than on age per se
-
normative-crisis models
the approach to personality developmentt that is based on fairly universal stages tied to a sequence of age-related crises
-
The "Big Five" major clusters of personality traits/characterisitcs
- Neuroticism- the degree to which a person is moody, anxious, and self critical
- Extroversion- how outgoing or shy a person is
- Openness, a persons level of curiosity and interests in new experiences
- Agreeableness, how easy going and helpful a person tends to be
- Conscientiousness, a persons tendencies to be organized and responsible
-
Sandwhich generation
couples who in middle adulthood musts fulfill the needs of both their children and their aging parents
-
cycle of violence hypothesis
the theory that abuse and neglect of children leads them to be predisposed to abusiveness as adults
-
burnout
a situation that occurs when workers experience dissatisfaction, disillusionment, frustration, and weariness from the job
-
Age level when most people become aware of changes in their bodies regarding the aging process
40
-
Age when the "settling" process begins with regards to height
55
-
Ways to reduce the risk of osteoporosis
calcium and exercise
-
Changes in a person's height and weight during middle adulthood also result in a decline in what area
strength
-
Age at which most people lose 10% of their max strength
60
-
Age at which most people begin experiencing hearing loss
55
-
Age of climacteric for males and females and the length
- Women- 45, 15-20 years
- Men- 50s
-
Symptoms of menopause
- Irregular menstrual periods
- hormone changes
- hot flashes
- headaches
- dizzinesss
- heart palpitations
- aching joints
-
The "silent killer"
hypertension
-
Consequences of stress
- increased blood pressure
- decreased immune activity
- increased hormonal activity
- harmful behaviors
- decreased compliance with medical advice, care, or seeing medical advice
-
Type A behavior pattern
- competitiveness
- impatience
- frustration and hostitility
- multi tasking
-
Type B behavior pattern
- noncompetiveness
- patience
- lack of aggression
-
Age at which, according to Schaie, inductive reasoning, spatial orientation, perceptual speed, and verbal memory being to gradually decline
-
Memory skills that show decline in middle age
long term memory
-
Ravenna Helson's theory on personality development
-
Eriksons stage during middle adulthood
generativity-versus-stagnation stage- the stage during middle adulthood in which people consider their contributions to family and society
-
Vaillant's theory
keeping the meaning versus rigidity, adults seek to extract the meaning from their lives and to keep the meaning by developing an acceptance of the strengths and weakness of others.
-
Levinson's theory
midlife transition, a time of questioning
-
Personality traits that decline in middle adulthood and those that do not decline
Decline: neuroticism, extraversion, openness
no decline- agreeableness, concientiousness
-
Phases of marital satisfaction
- child-free
- infant children
- preschool children
- schoolage children
- adolescent children
- young adults
- empty nest
- retirement
-
Number of people who divorce that will remarry again usually within 2 to 5 years
75-80%
-
Those with the best opportunity to be remarried and those with the least opportunity
- Best- men, women under 25
- worst- women over 40
-
Effects of divorce on genders
men feel lonely, increase in physical and mental health problems
-
Contributing factors to why a higher percentage of second marriages end in divorce
- more stress such as blending families
- less committed to relationships
- personality and emotional characteristics that don't make them easy to live with
-
Culture least likely to view taking care of elderly as outside the norm
Asian
-
Types of grandparents
- Companionate- more relaxed, supportive, visit, call frequently
- Involved- actively involved, hold clear expectations about the ways their grandchildren should behave
- Remote- detached, distant, little interest
-
Culture most likely to be involved grandparents
African american
-
Percentage of marriages in the US in which some form of violence occurs
1/4
-
Percentage of wives who physically abuse their husbands
8%
-
|
|