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infancy (psychosocial stage)
- trust v. mistrust
- prime adap. ego (hope), core path. (withdrawal)
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toddlerhood (psychosocial stage)
- autonomy v. shame & doubt
- prime adap. ego (will), core path. (compulsion)
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early childhood (psychosocial stage)
- initiative v. guilt
- prime adap. ego (purpose), core path. (inhibition)
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middle childhood (psychosocial stage)
- industry v. inferiority
- prime adap. ego (competence), core path. (inertia--paralysis of thought/action)
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adolescence (psychosocial stage)
- identity v. role confusion
- early adol: prime adap. ego(fidelity), core path(dissociation); later adol: prime adap. ego (fidelity), core path(repudiation-rejection of most roles/values)
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actively exploring meaningful alternatives
crisis (Marcia, identity status)
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making a personal investment in a decision
commitment (Marcia, identity status)
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early adulthood (psychosocial stage)
- intimacy v. isolation
- prime adap. ego (love), core path (exclusivity)
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middle adulthood (psychosocial stage)
- generativity v. stagnation
- prime adap. ego (care), core path (rejectivity)
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late adulthood (psychosocial stage)
- wisdom v. dispair
- prime adap. ego (wisdom), core path (disdain)
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sorts, assigns, associates different values, power, and privilege, used to justify exploitation
race
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allows ppl to identify or be identified with certain groups of inds, confers a sense of belonging
ethnicity
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socially acquired traditions of thought and behavior
culture
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tools that change the way we organize and thinking about the world
psychological tools
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from intermental to intramental, from external to internal
every fcn in dev appears twice: 1st on social level, and later ind. level; 1st b/t ppl and then inside person
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you try some of it by yourself and other ppl help by giving occasional advice & instruction when you get stuck
guided participation
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the experienced partner adjusts the activity to make it accessible to the child and provided assistance when needed
scaffolding
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the distance between the actual developmental level and the level of potential development or performance
zone of proximal development
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structures that maintain their organization even though their parts constantly change
open system
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properties of open system
systems always in process of change; whole is comprised of relationships among parts; tendency for system to resist change & retain identity/fcns (adaptive self-stabilization); sys exists in rel. w/ environ; feedback mechs.
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each system is comprised of subsystems that have more limited fcns
system hierarchy
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term used by DST to characterize the process of developmental change; how new forms come into existence as a result of ongoing processes that are found within the system itself
emergence
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principles of change
small diffs can result n large diffs later; small change causes change thruout system; accumulation of small quantitative changes can lead to qual change; when 1 of # rel skills passes threshold, can cont. to integration of what seems 2b a qual dif skill
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recurrent patterns or stable states that emerge through the coordination of lower-level system elements into high-order organizations
attractors (ex. parent/child interaction)
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spontaneous emergence of coherent, higher-order forms through recursive interactions among simpler components
adaptive self-organization
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