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eye
- opthalm/o
- ocul/o
- opt/o
- optic/o
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straight or upright
orth/o
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testes
- orchid/o
- orch/o
- orchi/o
- testicul/o
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What does myco mean?
fungus
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What is the term for nail?
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What term means instrument to view inside a joint?
arthroscope
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what term means to suture a muscle?
myorrhaphy
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-scopy
process of visually examining
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-rrhage
abnormal flow or excessive
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-scope
instrument for viewing
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-ostomy
surgically create an opening
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-oma
mass, tumor, swelling
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-cele
hernia, protrussion
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-graphy
process of recording
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-malacia
abnormal softening
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-tripsy
surgical crushing
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-malacia
abnormal softening
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-trophy
nourishment, development
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-penia
abnormal decrease, too few
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myel/o
bone marrow, spinal cord
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dys-
abnormal, difficult, painful
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para-
abnormal, two like parts of a pair, beside, near
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rapid flow of blood
hemorrhage
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hyperpnea
excessive breathing
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dyspnea
difficulty breathing
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hypopnea
insufficient breathing
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orthopnea
straight breathing
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inflamed tonsils
tonsillitis
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inflamed appendix
appendicitis
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inflamed throat
laryngitis
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gallbladder stones
cholelithiasis
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kidney stones
nephrolithiasis
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crush a stone
lithotripsy
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difficult digestion
dyspepsia
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study of the heart
cardiology
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study of the kidney
nephrology
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study of ears, nose, and larynx
otorhinolaryngology
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study of females
gynecology
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study of nerves
neurology
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study of eyes
ophthalmology
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audiology
study of hearing
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study of tissues
histology
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planes of the body
sagital, transverse, and frontal
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sagital
divides right and left
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lateral
away from the middle
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prosthesis
artificial substitute for a body part
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what is regurgitation?
to flow backwards
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fast heartbeat
tachycardia
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slow heartbeat
bradycardia
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what does hemostasis mean?
stopping the flow of blood.
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spitting up blood
hemoptysis
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hematochezia
passing bright red blood in the stools
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what is it called when the intestine/colon twists on itself?
volvulus
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another name for voiding
micturition or urinating
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what is the term for viewing inside the abdomen?
laparoscopy
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what is the term for viewing inside the bladder?
cytoscopy
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what does gravida mean?
pregnancy
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first pregnancy
primigravida
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D&C
dilation and curettage
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types of mastectomies
radical and simple
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what is a radical mastectomy?
surgical removal of the breast tissue plus chest muscles and axillary lymph nodes.
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what is a simple mastectomy?
surgical removal of the breast tissue
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term for first menses
menarche
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term for last menses
menopause
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term for bleeding between periods
menometrorrhagia
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what does dysmenorrhea mean
condition of having abnormal or painful menstrual flow
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what is oligomenorrhea mean?
condition of having a light menstrual flow
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what is amenorrhea
condition of having no menstrual flow
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what is phimosis and would a circumcision treat it?
narrowing of the foreskin over the glans penis and yes.
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procedure to fix a hidden testicle.
orchidopexy
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hidden testicle
cryptorchidism
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tip of the penis
glans penis
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what is the papsmear looking for?
cervical cancer
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what does BPH mean?
benign prostatic hyperplasia- noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland.
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what is vasovasotomy
Surgical procedure to reconnect the vas deferens to reverse a vasectomy
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hypospadias
congenital opening of the male urethra on the underside of the penis
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what is epispadias
congenital opening of the urethra on the dorsal surface of the penis
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male sterilization
vasectomy
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What is Cushings disease
Set of symptoms caused by excessive levels of cortisol due to high doses of corticosteroid drugs and adrenal tumors. The syndrome may present symptoms of weakness, edema, excess hair growth, skin discoloration, and osteoporosis.
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What is Graves disease?
Condition named for Irish physician Robert Graves that results in overactivity of the thyroid gland and can cause a crisis situation. Symptoms include exophthalmos and goiter. A type of hyperthyroidism.
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define dwarfism.
Condition of being abnormally short in height. It may be the result of a hereditary condition or a lack of growth hormone.
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define gigantism
Excessive development of the body due to the overproduction of the growth hormone by the pituitary gland in a child or teenager. The opposite of dwarfism.
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what part of the brain is responsible for thoughts, judgement, memory, problem solving and language?
cerebrum
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what are the layers of the brain?
dura mater, arachnoid layer, and pia mater
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what is dura mater?
Meaning tough mother; it forms a tough, fibrous sac around the central nervous system
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what is arachnoid layer?
Meaning spiderlike; it is a thin, delicate layer attached to the pia mater by weblike filaments
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what is pia mater?
Meaning soft mother; it is the innermost membrane layer and is applied directly to the surface of the brain and spinal cord
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what is aura?
Sensations, such as seeing colors or smelling an unusual odor, that occur just prior to an epileptic seizure or migraine headache.
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what is transient ischemic attack?
Temporary interference with blood supply to the brain, causing neurological symptoms such as dizziness, numbness, and hemiparesis. May eventually lead to a full-blown stroke (cerebrovascular accident).
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what does CVA mean?
cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke
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what does cerebral palsy mean?
Nonprogressive brain damage resulting from a defect, trauma, or oxygen deprivation at the time of birth.
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what does cerebral contusion mean?
Bruising of the brain from a blow or impact.
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what is meningocele?
Congenital condition in which the meninges protrude through an opening in the vertebral column
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what is meningioma?
A tumor in the meninges.
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what is astrocytoma?
Tumor of the brain or spinal cord composed of astrocytes, one type of neuroglial cells.
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what is subdural hematoma?
Mass of blood forming beneath the dura mater if the meninges are torn by trauma. May exert fatal pressure on the brain if the hematoma is not drained by surgery.
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what is myelomeningocele?
Congenital condition in which the meninges and spinal cord protrude through an opening in the vertebral column
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what is spina bifida?
Congenital anomaly occurring when a vertebra fails to fully form around the spinal cord.
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what is hydrocephalus and how is it treated?
Accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain, causing the head to be enlarged. It is treated by creating an artificial shunt for the fluid to leave the brain. If left untreated, it may lead to seizures and mental retardation.
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what is stapedectomy?
Removal of the stapes bone to treat otosclerosis (hardening of the bone). A pros-thesis or artificial stapes may be implanted.
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what is otoscopy?
Examination of the ear canal
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what is cochlear implant?
Mechanical device surgically placed under the skin behind the outer ear (pinna) that converts sound signals into magnetic impulses to stimulate the auditory nerve. Can be beneficial for those with profound sensorineural hearing loss.
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what is strabismus?
Eye muscle weakness commonly seen in children resulting in the eyes looking in different directions at the same time. May be corrected with glasses, eye exercises, and/or surgery.
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what is hordeolum?
Refers to a stye (or sty), a small purulent inflammatory infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid; treated with hot compresses and/or surgical incision.
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what is otitis media?
commonly referred to as middle ear infection; seen frequently in children; often preceded by upper respiratory infection
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what is anacusis?
Total absence of hearing
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what are phobias?
Irrational fear
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what is excessive hormone production called
hypersecretion
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what is gynecomasia
development of breast tissue in males
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what symptoms does Graves disease produce?
protruding eyeballs
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what is the difference between the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems?
para causes heart rate to slow, blood pressure to lower and symp stimulates body in time of crisis.
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presbyopia
visual loss due to old age
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presbycusis
normal hearing loss due to old age
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white part of the eyeball
sclera
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what does the pupil and iris do
regulate the amount of light entering the eye
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night blindness
nyctalopia
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what produces tears
lacrimal gland
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what does the retina do
contains sensory receptors for sight
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ichthyoderma
scaly dry skin
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what is a surgical procedure to stabilize a joint?
tenodesis
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what is the difference between infarct and ischemia?
infarct is area of tissue that dies and ischemia is temporary difficiency of blood supply due to obstruction.
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heart attack
myocardial infarction
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embolus
blood clot that moves
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thrombus
blood clot that stays put
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chest pain
angina pectoris
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dyscrasia
disease affecting the blood
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venipuncture
phlebotomy or drawing blood
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bronchiscopy
looking inside the bronchi
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pyothorax
pus in chest cavity
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empyema
pus in chest cavity
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pulmonary edema
fluid retained in lung tissue
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blue tint to skin
cyanosis
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melena
black tarry stools
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outpouching of the colon
diverticulum
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is diuresis and diaphoresis the same thing?
no diuresis is producing more urine and diaphoresis is excessive sweating
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homeostasis
state of balance in the body
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curettage
scraping superficial lesions
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laceration
torn or jagged wound
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fissure
crack like lesion
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ulcer
open sore or lesion in skin or mucous membrane
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bones in the foot
tarsals
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bones in the hand
carpals
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abnormal curvatures of the spine
scoliosis
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arteriosclerosis
hardening of the arteries
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atherosclerosis
hardening of fat
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aneurism
weakness in the wall of an artery resulting in the widening of the artery
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phlebitis
inflammation of the vein
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CHF
congestive heart failure
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CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
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the specialist that studies ear, nose and throat
otorhinolaryngologist
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location of lymph nodes
armpits, neck, groin, and chest
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volvulus
small intestine twisted off
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intussusception
small intestine telescope
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uremia
accumulation of waste product in blood stream
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dysuria
difficult or painful urination
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polyuria
produce a large amount of urine
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oliguria
producing to little urine
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extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
ultrasound waves to break up stones
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mammogram
xray record of the breast
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mammoplasty
surgical repair of the breast
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hirsutism
excessive hair growth over the body
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