-
A- [before consonant]
- no, not, without
- apnea (a˘p-ne¯´ah)
- without breath
-
AN- [before vowel]
- no, not, without
- analgesic (a˘n´´a˘l-je¯´sι˘k)
- drug that relieves pain without affecting consciousness
-
AB-
- away from
- abductor (a˘b-du˘k´tor)
- muscle that moves a body part away from the midline
-
AD-
- toward, near
- adductor (ah-du˘k´tor)
- muscle that moves a part toward the midline
-
ANA-
- up, apart
- anaphoria (a˘n-ah-fo¯´re¯ -ah)
- tendency of the eyes to turn upward when at rest
-
ANTE-
- before, forward
- anteversion (a˘n´´te¯-ver´zhu˘n)
- abnormal tipping forward of an organ (such as the uterus)
-
ANTI-
- against
- antibody (a˘n´tι˘-bo˘d´´e¯)
- immune body that fights foreign substances
-
AUTO-
- self, own
- autoimmune (aw´´to¯-ι˘-mu¯n´)
- production of antibodies against one’s own tissues
-
BI-
- two, both
- biceps (bι¯´se˘ps)
- muscle that has two heads, or points of origin
-
CO- [before h or a vowel]
- with, together
- coenzyme (ko¯-e˘n´zι¯m)
- substance that binds with a protein to form an enzyme
-
COL- [before l]
- with, together
- collapse (ko˘-la˘ps´)
- falling together of a structure’s wall
-
COM- [before b, m, or p]
- with, together
- compression (ko˘m-presh´ u˘n)
- squeezing together
-
CON-
- with, together
- contraction (ko˘n-tra˘k´shu˘n)
- drawing together
-
COR- [before r]
- with, together
- corrugator (ko˘r´u-ga¯´´ ter)
- a muscle that wrinkles the skin
-
DE-
- down, lack of
- dehydration (de¯´´hι¯-dra¯´shu˘n)
- lack of water
-
DIA-
- through, complete
- diarrhea (dι¯-ah-re¯´ah)
- rapid discharge of fecal matter through intestine
-
DIS-
- apart, away from
- dissect (dι¯-se˘kt´)
- cut apart
-
DYS-
- bad, painful
- dysfunction (dι˘s-fu˘nk´shu˘n)
- abnormal function
-
E-
- out
- elution (e¯-lu¯´shu˘n)
- separation of a chemical substance
-
EC-, ECTO-
- outer, outside
- ectopic (e˘k-to˘p´ι˘k)
- located away from normal position
-
EN-
- in
- encapsulation (e˘n-ka˘p´´su¯-la¯´ shun)
- enclosure in a capsule
-
ENDO-
- within, inner
- endometrium (e˘n-do¯-me¯´tre¯-u˘m)
- membrane lining the uterus
-
EPI-
- above, upon
- epidermis (e˘p´´ι˘-der´mι˘s)
- outermost layer of skin
-
EX-
- out
- excision (e˘k-sι˘zh´u˘n)
- removal by cutting out
-
EXTRA-
- outside of
- extrapulmonary (e˘ks´´tra-pu˘l´mι˘n-e¯´´re¯)
- not connected with the lungs
-
HEMI-
- half hemilateral (he˘m´´e¯-la˘t´er-a˘l)
- affecting one side of the body
-
HYPER-
- excessive, above
- hypertension (hι¯´´per-te˘n´shu˘n)
- persistently high blood pressure
-
HYPO-
- below, deficient
- hypoglycemia (hι¯´´po¯-glι¯-se¯´me¯-ah)
- abnormally low level of sugar in the blood
-
IN-
- in, into
- incision (ι˘n-sι˘zh´u˘n)
- cutting into
-
INFRA-
- below, beneath
- infraclavicular (ι˘n´´frah-klah-vι˘k´u¯-la˘r)
- below the clavicle
-
INTER-
- between
- interosseous (ι˘n´ter-o˘s´e¯-u˘s)
- between two bones
-
INTRA-
- within
- intravenous (ι˘n´´trah-ve¯´nu˘s)
- within a vein
-
MACRO-
- large
- macronutrient (ma˘k´ro¯-nu¯´tre¯-e˘nt)
- nutrient with a large minimal daily requirement
-
MAL-
- bad
- malignant (mah-lι˘g´nant)
- cancerous
-
META-
- change, beyond
- metabolism (me˘-ta˘b´ o¯-lι˘zm) process of changing food to a form used by the body
- metacarpal (me˘t´´ah-ka˘r´pal) bones beyond the wrist
-
MICRO-
- small
- microscope (mι¯´kro¯-sko¯p)
- instrument used to obtain large image of small objects
-
NEO-
- new
- neonatal (ne¯´´o¯-na¯´ta˘l)
- newborn
-
PAN-
- all
- panhysterectomy
- (pa˘n´´hι˘s-ter-e˘k´to-me¯)
- total hysterectomy
-
PARA-
- near, along the side of
- parametric (par´´ah-me˘t´rι˘k)
- near the uterus
-
PERI-
- surrounding
- peritoneum (per´´ι˘-to¯-ne¯´u˘m)
- membrane surrounding the abdominal and pelvic cavities
-
POLY-
- many, much
- polydipsia (po˘l´´e¯-dι˘p´se¯-ah)
- excessive thirst
-
POST-
- after, behind
- posttraumatic (po¯st´´traw-ma˘t´ι˘k)
- following injury
-
PRE-
- before
- prenatal (pre¯-na¯´ta˘l)
- before birth
-
PRO-
- before, forward
- prognosis (pro˘g-no¯´sι˘s)
- forecast of probable outcome of disease and treatment
-
PROS-
- before, forward
- prosencephalon (pro¯s´´e˘n-sef ´ ah-lo˘n)
- the forebrain
-
PSEUDO-
- false
- pseudoparalysis (soo´´do¯-pah-ra˘l´ι˘-sι˘s)
- loss of muscular power without real paralysis
-
RE-
- back, again
- relapse (re¯´ la˘ps´´)
- symptoms of disease returned
-
RETRO-
- behind, backward
- retrodisplacement (re˘´tro¯-dι˘s-pla¯s´me˘nt)
- backward displacement
-
SUB-
- beneath, less than
- subcutaneous (su˘b´ku¯-ta¯´ne¯-u˘s)
- under the skin
-
SUPRA-
- above, upper
- supraclavicular (soo´´prah-klah-vι˘k´u¯-la˘r)
- above the clavicle
-
SYN-
- with, together
- syndrome (sι˘n´dro¯m)
- groups of symptoms that occur together
-
SYM- [before b, p, and m]
- mutually reinforcing
- symbiotic (sι˘m´bι¯-o˘t´ ι˘k)
-
TRANS-
- across, through
- transverse (tra˘ns-vers´)
- extending through a structure from side to side
-
TRI-
- three
- triceps (trι¯´se˘ps)
- muscle formed from three divisions
-
ULTRA-
- beyond
- ultrasonic (u˘l´trah-so˘n´ι˘k)
- beyond the audible range
-
UNI-
- one
- unilateral (u¯´´nι˘-la˘t´er-al)
- affecting only one side
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