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central vs. peripheral route processing
- central-route processing- recipient considers issues and arguments in message
- Peripheral- people persuaded by factors unrelated to content
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cognitive dissonance, key study, & its findings
When person holds 2 attitudes or thoughts (cognitions) that contradict each other; Drive to reduce dissonance
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social cognition
The cognitive processes by which people understand and make sense of others and themselves
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schemas:
organized bodies of information stored in memory that bias the new information is interpreted, stored, and recalled
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Situational:
Perceived causes of behavior that are based on environmental factors
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The Halo Effect:
A phenomenon in which an initial understanding that a person has positive traits is used to infer other uniformly positive characteristics
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Assumed-Similarity Bias:
The tendency to think of people as being similar to oneself even when meeting them for the first time
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Self-Serving Bias:
Attributing successes to dispositional factors, not situational factors
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Fundamental Attribution Error:
A tendency to over attribute (exaggerate) others behavior to dispositional causes and minimize of the importance to situational causes
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social supporter
A group member whose dissenting (opposing) views make nonconformity to the group easier
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Characteristics of group thinking
a lower status person will go along with the group even if it is wrong
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Foot-in-the Door Technique:
Small request followed by a larger request When people says yes to a smaller request, they feel pressured to say yes to a larger request
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Door-in-the Face Technique:
Large request followed by a small request Charities do this all the time
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Thats-Not-All Technique:
Offered a great deal at an inflated price Happens all the time in the but wait..... commercials
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industrial/organizational psychology
The branch of psychology focusing on work- and job-related issues, including worker motivation, satisfaction, safety, and productivity
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Milgrams obedience study
an experiment where participants were shocked if they go tthe wrong answers
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possible explanations for origin of prejudice
an opinion or belief not based on science
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Implicit Personality Test, use & what it revealed
Memories of which people are not consciously aware but that can affect subsequent performance and behavior
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amygdala activation
- stimulates higher order mental processess
- this improves creativity and intelligence while elevating positive emotions.
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Sternberg's Intimacy Component:
Close connectedness with emotions (not sexual)
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Sternberg's Passion Component:
Physical, sexual attraction
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Prosocial behavior:
helping behavior
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Altruism:
Helping behavior that is beneficial to others but clearly requires self-sacrifice
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