-
What different Sources of chemical exposure are there?
- 1) Environmental - either manmade-intentional or accidental or Natural
- 2) occupational
- 3) iatrogenic - drugs
- 4) self-administered
-
Name six different mechanisms of chemical toxicity.
- 1) Corrosive tissue damage
- - desiccation, protein denaturation, fat saponification
2) Inhibition of enzyme activity: cyanide and cytochrome oxidase
3) Alternate metabolic pathways
4) disturbances of homeostasis
5) mutagenesis
6) carinogenesis
-
How does air pollution injure the lungs?
- 1) Acute and chronic inflammation- direct cell injury
- 2) emphysema - enhanced proteolysis
- 3) Asthma
- 4) hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- 5) pneumoconiosis - progressive fibrotic scarring mediated by cytokines
- 6) neoplasia
-
What hazards are related to farming?
Organic dusts lead to hypersensitivity pneumonitis- moldy hay and bird droppings
pesticides- organophosphate and organochlorine( DDT)
herbicides
fertilizers
-
What heavy metal toxic agents are there to be aware of ?
Mercury, lead, arsenic, iron
-
What are the major patterns of Adverse Drug reactions?
- 1) blood dyscrasias
- 2) skin eruptions
- 3) hepatic reactions
- 4) renal reactions
- 5) lung reactions
- 6) cardiac reactions
- 7) CNS reactions
- 8) systemic reactions including anaphylaxis, vasculitits, and hormonal effects
-
What kind of adverse drug reaction can occur from Chloramphenicol?
Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic- may cause blood dycrasias
- it may be does related or from just one drop(idiosyncratic)
- can be pan or line specific- the cell lines it shuts down
-
Adverse drug reaction from penicillin?
Skin eruptions
-
Adverse drug reaction from tetracycline?
fatty liver
-
adverse drug reaction chlorpromazine?
cholestasis- block in flow in bile
-
Adverse drug reaction from halothane?
Massive hepatic necrosis
-
What syndromes are related to drugs of abuse?
- Pulmonary complications
- Granulomas
- Infectious complications
- kidney disease
related to diluents, cutting agents, and needle sharing
-
What kind of injuries result from radiation?
- Direct effect on target molecules like DNA
- indirect effects like free radical intermediary
- cell death, mutations, developmental abnormalities
- tissues have differential radio-sensitivity
- fully oxygenated tissues will be affected more with the same amt of dose
-
What type of cells are most sensitive and have the fastest cell division from radiation sensitivity?
Lymphocytes
-
Concerning radiation sensitivity what tissue type is least sensitive and has slowest cell division?
Neural tissue
-
What vitamin deficiency leads to night blindness, xerophthalmia(dry eye), keratomalacia(eye ulcer), and immune deficiency?
Vitamin A
-
Vitamin deficiency with inadequate sun, liver and renal disease, Rickets, and osteomalacia?
D
-
Vit deficiency = neuromuscular defects from free radical scavengers?
Vit E
-
Deficiency includes loss of gut flora, coumadin therapy,and bleeding because of effect on clotting factors?
Vit K
-
Polyneuropathy, cardiomyopathy, Wernicke-Korsakoff
Thiamine
-
What deficiencies occur not only from diet but also from EtOH?
Thiamine(B1), Riboflavine (B2), Niacin, pyridoxine (B6), and Vit C
-
Cheilosis, glossitis, dermatitis; cracks lips, tongue, skin
Riboflavine
-
Pellagra, dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia
Niacin
-
can be caused by TB drug, similar effects to riboflavin and niacin deficiency?
Pyridoxine
-
Scurvy, weak CT, bleeding, fractures, gingival swelling, perio disease, poor wound healing
Vit C
|
|
