PSY 318

one of the three fundamental effects examined in developmental research, along with cohort and time-of-measurement effects, which reflects the influence of time-dependent processes on development

the untrue assumption that chronological age is the main determinant of human characteristics and that one age is better than another

one of four basic forces of development that includes all genetic and health-related factors

way of organizing the biological, psychological, sociocultural forces on human development

an intensive investigation of individual people

a group of people born at the same point or specific time span in historical time

one of the three basic influences examined in developmental research, which reflects differences caused by experiences and circumstances unique to the historical time in which one lives

any situation in which one cannot determine which of two or more effects is responsible for the behaviors being observed

the debate over whether a particular developmental phenomenon represents smooth progression over time (continuity) or a series of abrupt shifts (discontinuity)

an investigation in which the strength of association between variables is examined

a developmental research design in which people of different ages and cohorts are observed at one time of measurement to obtain information about age differences

behaviors or outcomes measured in an experiment

a study in which participants are randomly assigned to experimental and control groups and in which an independent variable is manipulated to observe its effects of a dependent variable so that cause-and-effect relations can be established

the study of aging from maturity through old age

the variable variableated in an experiment

one of the 4 basic forces of development that reflects differences in how the same event or combination of biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces affects people at different points in their lives

a view of the human life span that divides it into two phases: childhood/adolescence and young/middle/late adulthood

a technique that allows researchers to synthesize the results of many studies to estimate relations between variables

a special type of longitudinal design in which participants are tested repeatedly over a span of days or weeks, typically with the aim of observing change directly as it occurs

a debate over the relative influence of genetics and the environment on development

random events that are important to an individual but do not happen to most people

experiences caused by biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces that are closely related to a person's age

events experienced by most people in a culture at the same time

the belief that capacity is not fixed, but can be learned or improved with practice

one of 4 basic forces of development that includes all internal perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and personality factors

the ability of a measure to produce the same value when used repeatedly to measure the identical phenomenon over time

developmental changes that are related to disease, lifestyle, and other environmental changes that are not inevitable

types of developmental research designs involving combinations of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs

one of the 4 basic forces of development that includes interpersonal, societal, cultural and ethnic factors

a debate over the degree to which people remain the same over time as opposed to being different

rapid losses occurring shortly before death

one of the 3 fundamental effects examined in developmental research, along with age and cohort effects, which result from the time at which the date are collected

a debate over whether the is a single pathway of development, or several

attempts to directly link functional brain activity with cognitive behavioral data

a disease commonly found in the elderly that is characterized by a decline in memory and a progressive destruction of brain cells

the region of the brain, located in the medial-temporal love, believed to play a key role in emotion

located in the front part of the cingulated cortex, this region of the brain plays a role in autonomic functions, cognitive functions, and emotion

a group of nuclei interconnected with the cerebral cortex. they are associated with motor control, cognition, and emotions

involves activation of a specific brain structure in both lateral hemispheres of the brain

the part of the brain that is associated with motor functioning and balance equilibrium

involves the use of a behavior or function to aid in performance that has been otherwise compromised

when individuals elaborate on  information by relating it to themselves and rehearse the information in this way

attempts to link measures of cognitive performance to measures of brain structure or functioning

the regions of the brain that are most active at rest

the measurement of the diffusion of water molecules in tissue in order to study connections of neural pathways in the brain

involves dopamine neurotransmission. dopamaine is a neurotransmitter and is critically implicated in multiple cognitive functions

in animal studies, involves raising animals in large groups filled with changing arrangements of toys/objects

include the ability to make and carry out plans, switch between tasks, and maintain attention and focus

examines how changes in brain activity occur in correspondence to changes in task demands and the type of cognitive functioning under investigation

located in the medial-temporal love, this part of the brain plays a major role in memory and learning

a highly specialized neural site involved in processing the face, place, and object areas

a memory technique for remembering things by linking them to places

receives input form the cerebral cortex and other brain areas and provides output to the basal nuclei

those that give life to new neurons throughout the life span

compares brain functioning of healthy older adults with adults displaying various pathological disorders in the brain

occurs when additional neurons fire and shore up declining brain structures that are inefficient

a brain disease caused by an extreme drop in the neurotransmitter dopamine

involves the interaction between the brain and the environment and is mostly used to describe the effects of experience on the structure and functions of the neural system

when an individual remembers more positive information relative to negative information

part of the frontal lobe that is inolved in executive funtioning

when something in the environment capture one's attention and the individual allocates more resources in the attention to that item

when different brain regions are activated to compensate for lacking processing resources

occurs when neuronal firing is limited when the brain is activated

part of the prefrontal cortex, this may be involved in decision making and processing risk

abnormalities found in older adults; correlated with cognitive decline

holding and manipulating information in consciousness