Philosophy 006 | Chapter 7 - More fallacies

attempts to justify a bad action on the basis of another bad action

to believe because individual parts posses certain characteristics, the whole must posses the same characteristics

to believe because the whole possesses characteristic, individual part must posses it too

attacks the person making the argument in attempt to refute them and their argument

insults or degrades person making the argument

uses perceived inconsistency about an arguers actions or beliefs in attempt to refute an argument

uses the circumstances of a person to refute an argument

reject an argument bases upon its origins

any ad hominem before the argument is heard

makes a weaker distorted version of argument; refutes it and claims to have successfully refuted the original version

claim that only two options exist and one has to be chosen, when in reality there are more than two options

there are only two options: one that works perfectly or there isn't one at all

clearly define a vague concept or dismiss it

assumes that A > B > C > D and D is bad, so don't do A

put the burden for proving a position on opposing side

the less likely the claim is to be true bears the burden

easier to prove an affirmative claim than a negative one

stipulates where the burden lies

lack of evidence for opposing claim to become evidence

circular reasoning

repetition