Qtr 3 immunology exam 1

what types of dyes stain neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils?

What cells are precursors to all leukocytes?

What is the combination of monocytes,  macrophages, and specialized endothelial cells called?

where are histiocytes found?

Where are kupffer cells found?

What type of tissue lines the lymph tissue?

what are the first granulocytes to enter the site of inflammation?

What is the first line in defense of the bodies tissue?

what do basophils release into the blood to prevent coagulation?

What disease causes the production of abnormal leukocytes which destroy RBC's?

What are the two main branches of the immune system?

What are the two main functions of the innate immune system?

What are the small chemical groups on the antigen molecule that can elicit and react with antibodies?

where does the activation to antigens occur?

Where are B-lymphocytes produced?

What do T-cells differentiate into?

How s the adaptive immune system activated by macrophages?

what type of B-lymphocyte is inactive after exposure to a microbe?

What is the most abundant and active form of leukocyte?

Besides esinophils what other leukocyte has a active role in allergic reactions?

Approximately how many WBC's are in the adult human body?

What processes is used by neutrophils and monocytes to squeeze through the capillary wall?

Phagocytosis, Stomach acid secretions, digestive enzymes, Resistance of the skin, Presence in the blood of certain chemical compounds (lysozyme, basic polypeptides, the complement complex and natural killer lymphocytes) are all part of what system of immunity?

What is the condition of decreased quantity of WBC's in the body?

What type of cell is involved in cell-mediated immunity and where is it found?

What portion of an antibody attaches to a specific antigen?

Which type of acquired immunity do helper t-cells (CD4 pos) work in?

What type of acquired immunity do cytotoxic T-cells (CD8 pos) work in?

What is the function of suppressor T-cells?

What type of immunoglobins represent 75% of the immunoglobin population in the normal adult?

What type(s) of cells produce memory cells?

If you have a D antigen you are?

what disease is characterized by characterized by agglutination and phagocytosis of the fetus’s red blood cells?

What is the Rh blood type of the fetus and mother respectively that causes erythroblastosis fetails?

What is the transplant of tissue from one part of an individuals body to another?

The transplant of tissue form one identical twin to another is called?

The transplant of tissue from one individual of a species to another of the same species?

What is the transplant of tissue between different species?

characterized by the failure of B-cell precursors (pro-B cells and pre-B cells) to mature into B cell. Patients usually present with recurrent pyogenic infections with extracellular pathogens.

group of 20-30 primary immunodeficiencies. The feature common to all patients is hypogammaglobulinemia. Recurrent and chronic infections, particularly intestinal infections, chronic swelling of the lymph glands, enlarged spleen.

is the most frequently diagnosed form of specific primary immunodeficiency. Affected individuals have extremely low levels of both serum and secretory IgA. Repeated sinopulmonary and gastrointestinal disease.

a group of rare, sometimes fatal, congenital disorders. Patients have defects in both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. So, patients’ T-cell number are greatly reduced (Lymphopenia) and antibody synthesis is greatly impaired due to lack of T-cell help

a multisystem disease of autoimmune origin characterized by a bewildering array of autoantibodies, particularly antinuclear antibodies (ANAs). Acute or insidious in its onset, it is a chronic, remitting and relapsing, often febrile illness characterized by injury to skin (Butterfly rash), joints, kidney, and serosal membranes.

chronic inflammatory disease that affects primarily the joints, but may involve extra-articular tissues such as the skin, blood vessels, lungs and heart.

an autoimmune disorder in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva.

a rare chronic disease of unknown cause characterized by diffuse fibrosis, degenerative changes, and vascular abnormalities in the skin, joints, and internal organs (especially the esophagus, lower GI tract, lung, heart, and kidney).

Where is the compliment binding site?

What part of the antibody is responsible for antigen-binding?

What portion of an antibody is responsible for placental transfer?

What immunoglobin can cross the placenta?

Where are IgA mainly found?

What immunoglobin is derived from breast milk?

What immunoglobin is produced in the primary response to an antigen?

Which immunoglobulins fix the compliment system?

What is it called when antibodies form large particles with antigens bound together into a clump?

What is precipitation of an antigen?

What is it called when an antibody covers the toxin sites of the antigen?

What are the three main effects of the compliment system?

What complement pathway is initiated by antigen-antibody reaction?

What complement pathway is initated by microbial surfaces?

What complement pathway is initiated by nonspecific activators eg. endotoxin?

What do all pathways of the complement system lead too?

What molecule must be bound to an antigen to get T cells to respond?

What are the three major types of antigen-presenting cells?

What are the three main functions of macrophages?

Where are dendritic cells primarily located?

Which type of T-cell is the most numerous?

What are the regulatory functions of lymphokines?

What interleukin induces naive helper T-cell to make Th-2 cells (antibody immunity)

What interleukin induces naive helper t cell to form Th-1 cell (cell-mediated)

What are the clinical presentations of erythroblastosis?

What are the three causes of kidney failure in a blood transfusion reaction?

What type of hypersensitivity is caused by allergens and is mediated by IgE and IgM immunoglobulins?

What is important in mast cell triggering?

What amplifies mast cells stimulation?

What mediates Type II cytotoxic hypersensitivity?

What are some examples of type II hypersensitivity?

What type of hypersensitivity occurs when antigen-antibody complexes induce inflammation?

What mediates type III (immune complex hypersensitivity)?

What disease is characterized by Type III hypersensitivity?

What is type IV (delayed hypersensitivity) mediated by?

What is the classical example of type IV (delayed hypersensitivity)?