Micro Test 3

Transformation, conjugation and transduction

Genetic variation

An exchange of genes

Cells which can alter their cell walls making them more permeable to DNA fragments

Plasmids

F+ cells carry the plasmid and with HFR cells the plasmid is incorporated into the chromosome

Bacterial DNA from donor to recipient by a bacteriophage (virus)

They are self replicating

They jump around from one location in the DNA to another

They add a gene to the plasmid which is then taken up by a cell such as a bacterium and the cells with the gene of interest are cloned

A method of cloning the coding sequence of a gene, starting with its mRNA transcript. It is normally used to clone a DNA copy of a eukaryotic mRNA. The cDNA copy, being a copy of a mature messenger molecule, will not contain any intron sequences and may be readily expressed in any host organism if attached to a suitable promoter sequence within the cloning vector.

mRNA

Used to make multiple copies of a gene or segment of DNA in a test tube. DNA from an individual, treated with restriction enzymes reults in a collection of fragments of different sizes. During gel electrophonesis the fragments are separated by charge and size. The result is a pattern of distinctive bands

Agarose or polyacrylamide gel. Allows separation of DNA and creates a visible difference.