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regurgitation
to bring stomach contents up in the mouth
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avleolus
the socket for each tooth
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frenulum linguae
the membrane under the tongue
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hard palate
the roof of the mouth behind the teeth
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soft palate
the roof of the mouth behind the hard palate
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uvula
hangs from the soft palate
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parotid glands
salivary glands beneath the ears
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sublingual gland
salivary gland under the tongue
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submandibular glands
salivary glands under the lower jaw
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submaxillarys
salivary glands under the upper jaw
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ankyloglossia
"tongue tied" - frenulum overgrown
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aphthous stomatitis
a chancre sore
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cavity of tooth (also known as)
dental caries
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cheilitis, chilitis
inflammation of the lip
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cleft lip
congenital anomaly where the upper lip is split
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cleft palate
a fissure in the roof of the mouth
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gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
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glossitis
inflammation of the tongue (a coating)
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periodontal disease
sockets around the teeth need deep cleaning
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Vincent's infection, acute necrotizing gingivitis
inflammation and death of gum tissue
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parotitis
a childhood disease also known as "mumps"
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ptyalith, sialolith
stones in the salivary gland
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sialadenitis
inflammation of the salivary glands
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sialolithiasis
having stones in the salivary glands
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cheiloplasty
surgical repair of lip
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cheilostomatoplasty
repair of mouth and lips
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glossectomy
removal of tongue
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glossorrhaphy
suture of the tongue
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palatoplasty
surgical repair of the palate
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sialodenectomy
removing the salivary gland
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esophagus
- food carrier, gullet
- the passage pipe for food
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palatine tonsil
known as just "tonsils"
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peristalsis
the muscle movement that push food along
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adenoids
swollen nasal pharangeal tonsils
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peritonsillar abscess, quinsy
a collection of pus around the tonsils
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pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
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tonsilitis
inflammation of the tonsils
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achalasia
dilation of the esophagus
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congenital esophageal atresia
child born where the esophagus is not attached to the stomach
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esophageal varices
varicose veins in the esophagus
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esophagitis
inflammation of the esophagus
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adenotonsillectomy
removal of tonsils and adenoids
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esophagojejunostomy
artificial opening between esophagus and jejunum
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esophagoplasty
surgical repair of esophagus
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esophagorrhaphy
suture of esophagus
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sphincterotomy
incision into pyloric sphincter to open it up
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aphagia
can't eat or swallow
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dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
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sphincter
encircling band of muscle
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pyloric sphincter
the muscle at the pylorus region
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rugae
the folds in the stomach where acid is secreted
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gastric ulcers
open sores in the stomach
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gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
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gastroduodenitis
stomach and first part of small intestine are inflammed
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gastroenteritis
stomach and intestine are inflammed
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hiatal hernia
something protruding through the hole in the diaphragm where the esophagus goes through
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hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, congenital
baby born with stenosed pylorus
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anastomosis
surgical formation of a passage between two hollow viscera
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nasogastric intubation
to put a tube down the nose into the stomach
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gastrectomy
remove the stomach
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gastrojejunostomy
make artificial opening between stomach & jejunum
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gastrostomy
artificial opening into the stomach
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pyloroplasty
surgical repair of pylorus
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vagotomy, gastric
to cut the vagus nerve to regulate stomach acid production
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anorexia
to lose appetite
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bulimia
to have a veracious appetite
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dyspespia
to have indigestion
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hematemesis
to vomit blood
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polyphagia
eating too much
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anus
- ring, circle
- the opening at the end of colon
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cecum
- blind gut
- where small meets large intesting
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colon
- large intestine
- ascending
- transverse
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- sigmoid
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small intestine (parts and location)
- duodenum - proximal
- jejunum - middle
- ileum - distal
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flexures (the bends of the large intestine and their location)
- right, hepatic - where the large intestine bends near the liver
- left, splenic - where the large intestine bends near the spleen
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rectum
the straight part of the sigmoidal colon
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appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
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Crohn's disease
inflammatory bowl disease
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colitis
inflammation of the colon
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diverticulosis
a condition of the diverticula
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duodenal ulcer
ulcer in the duodenum
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dysentery
inflammation of intestines with blood in the stool
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enteritis
inflammation of small intestines
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hemorrhoids
vericose veins around the anal area
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Hirschprung's disease
congenital megacolon
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ileitis
inflammation of the ileum
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intestinal malabsorption syndrome
faulty absorption of vitamins
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intussesception
telescoping of the intestine (ileum has gone into the cecum)
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irritable bowl syndrome
frequent diarrhea and indigestion
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paraenteral
to inject with needle
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volvulus
twisting of the bowels like a "kinked hose"
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appendectomy
removal of appendix
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colostomy
artificial opening to the colon
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diverticulectomy
removal of the diverticula (sac in the small intestine)
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hemorrhoidectomy
remove the varicose vein in the anal region
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ileostomy
artificial opening in the small intesting
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borborygmus
rumbling sound in the stomach
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colic
spasm of the intestine
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diarrhea
frequent bowel action
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hematochezia
bright red blood coming from the rectum
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melena
blood in the stool or vomit that is brown or black in color
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pruritis ani
itching in the anus area
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choledocho
common bile duct
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bile duct
the passage that empties into the duodenum
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common hepatic duct
the passage that empties into the bile duct
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cystic duct
the duct to the gallbladder
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inguinal canal
the groin area
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liver
produces bile, fights against poisons
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mesentery
the blood vessels along the digestive system
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pancreas
produces enzymes used in digestion
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pancreatic duct
empties into the duodenum
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acute viral hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
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cirrhosis of the liver
hard nodular liver (associated with alcoholism)
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cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
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cholelithiasis, biliary calculi
stones in the gallbladder
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pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
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cystic fibrosis
genetic condition
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ascites
huge collection of fluid in peritoneum
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hemoperitoneum
blood in the abdomen
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femoral hernia
hernia in the thigh area
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inguinal hernia
hernia in the groin area
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umbilical hernia
hernia where the umbilical cord is attached
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incarcerated hernia
hernia is obstructed
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incisional hernia
hernia at site of incision
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strangulated hernia
hernia has blood supply cut off
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peritonitis
inflammation of peritoneum
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cholecystectomy
removal of gallbladder
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cholecystostomy
artificial opening into the gallbladder
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choledocholithotomy
make incision into the bile duct to remove the stone
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pancreatectomy
remove pancreas
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pancreatojejunostomy
artificial opening between the pancreas and jejunum
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exploratory laparotomy
to cut into the abdomen for examination
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hernioplasty, herniorrhaphy
surgical repair or suture of hernia
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arterial spiders, spider nevi
blood vessels are near the surface
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alopecia, pectoral and axillary
baldness on the chest and arm pits, sign of liver damage
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caput medusae
around the umbilical cord area that looks like snakes, sign of liver damage
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icterus, jaundice
a severe yellowing appearance
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endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
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