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Galileo most important theory
Earth not center of universe, Sun is center of universe
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Why did Galileo cause problems with his theories
Against pope
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Galileo died
Florence, Italy
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Galileo's tomb
Villa San Croche in Florence, Italy
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Science as Early Origin
- World is power and Unexplainable
- Spiritual Control
- Benevolent and Evil
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Early Origin and what to do:
- attempts to appease spirits
- some individuals realize rituals have no impact
- beginning of logic
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Logic
an orderly system to understand nature from observed data
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History and Early Greeks
Aristotle
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Aristotle
Origin of physical science (world and life sciences)
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morphology
how things look
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physiology
how things work
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Philosophy
- Observation
- Categorization
- Deduction
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Observation
Some objects float, some sink
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Categorization
Floaters vs Sinkers
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Deduction
- less dense float
- more dense sink
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Aristotle worked on
- Planetary motion
- Changes in physical composition of matter
- Descriptions of living stuff (no experiments)
- Not supernatural world
- Developed natural laws
- Dominated until 1500s (supported by pope) - lead to trouble since tested
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Science as scholastic appraoch
- Students studied work of Aristotle
- Little testing
- No critical review of previous work
- Pseudoscience (sort of science ex. astrology)
- Dark ages - religion and magic
- World according to diving plan (popes and faith and illiteracy)
- Miraculous events-fires and floods
- Emerging science versus church doctorine
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People who controverse church doctrine
- Copernicus - Sun is center of universe
- Galileo - Evidence that Copernicus was correct
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Scientific Revolution as Science
- Early 1500-1800
- Renaissance
- Science as a process
- Active questioning
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Key Characters Scientific Revolution
- Newton - celestial motion and gravity
- Bacon - Scientific method
- Darwin - Evolution, adaptation and natural selection
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Science as Royal Society
- Founded in 1660 in England
- Quality control in science
- Experimental science vs. observational
- Peer Review - "quality control"
- Publication of results
- Oldest continuously functioning scientific society
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Above the door in royal society
"on the word of no one"
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The Mechanical Universe as a science
- Galileo and Newton
- Mathematical approach
- Same physics apply to all parts of universe
- applies to non-living and living
- Rejection
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Rejection of mechanical universe
- Vitalism - vital spark in living things
- Teleology - purpose and plan for universe
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Science by and for everyone as a science
- At all intellectual levels
- Formal teaching dulled inquisitiveness
- Science is a tool
- What we do with science is a societal issue
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