The traits that are shared by most members of a cultural group are called
common
Sandy is a very friendly person who likes chinese food. Sandy's friendliness is most likely a _____ trait, whereas her preference for Chinese food is most likely a _____ trait.
central,secondary
The 16PF is designed to measure
source traits
Joan is very emotional and worries constantly. She would probably score high on the measure of which of the Big Five trait dimensions?
Neuroticism
Joe is fairly calm in the classroom, but when his teacher sees him at a basketball game, he is cheering and boisterous. This seeming change in personality is probably due to
the trait-situation interaction
According to Freud, the ____ is an innate biological instinct and operates on the pleasure principle.
id
Which term did Freud consider to be the "executive" of personality?
ego
Which one of the following is NOT one of Freud's psychosexual stages?
erogenous
Which theorist believed that the ego "wore a mask, or persona"?
Jung
Which is NOT a focus of humanism?
unconscious urges
According to Maslow, a self-actualizer would be or possess which of the following?
nonhostile sense of humor
The MMPI-2 is an example of a
personality questionnaire
Two parts of the psyche that operate on all three levels of awareness are the
ego and superego
Scales that rate a person's tendencies for depression,hysteria,paranoia,and mania are found on the
MMPI-2
Maslow used the term _____ to describe the tendency to make full use of personal potentials.
self- actualization
Freud believed that boys identify with their fathers in order to resolve the ______ conflict
Oedipus
Which theory of personality places the greatest emphasis on the effects of the environment?
behavioristic
Rogers described mismatches between one's self image and reality as a state of
incongruence
A trait profile is used to report the results of
The 16 PF
People who prefer hip-hop,soul, and electronic music tend to
value aesthetic experiences
In Asian cultures, _____tends to be more strongly related to group membership and the success of the group.
self-esteem
T or F
Personality is a person's relatively stable pattern of attitudes.
false
T or F
In Asian cultures, self-esteem is strongly tied to personal achievement, rather than group success.
false
T or F
Traits are stable or lasting qualities of personality, displayed in most situations.
true
T or F
Similarities between reunited identical twins show that personality is mostly shaped by genetics.
false
T or F
As on of the Big Five factors, neuroticism refers to having negative, upsetting emotions.
true
T or F
The id is totally unconscious.
true
T or F
The ego is guided by the pleasure principle.
false
T or F
The genital stage occurs between the ages of 3 and 6, just before latency.
false
T or F
Erik Erickson's psychosocial stages were derived, in part, from Freud's psychosexual stages.
true
T or F
Behaviorists view personality as a collection of learned behavior patterns.
true
T or F
Humanist believe that humans are capable of free choice.
true
T or F
Info. inconsistent with one's self-image is described as incongruent.
true
T or F
Planned questions are used in a structured interview.
true
T or F
Items on the MMPI-2 were selected for their ability to identify persons with psychiatric problems.
true
T or F
It is very easy to fake responses to a projective test.
true
T or F
Open-ended questions help keep conversations going.
true
The difference between an acute stress disorder and PTSD is
how long the disturbance lasts
A core feature of all abnormal behavior is that it is
ultimately maladaptive
Phototherapy is used primarily to treat
SAD
Psychopathology is defined as an inability to behave is ways that
foster personal growth and happiness
You find yourself in an unfamiliar town and you cant remember your name or address. It is likely that you are suffering from
a dissociative disorder
A person with a _____ personality disorder might be described as "charming" by people who dont know the person well
antisocial
A person who is manic most likely suffers from a _____ disorder.
mood
One of the two core features of abnormality is that it is maladaptive and
involves a loss of control of one's behavior,thoughts, or emotions.
Jeff is a homeless man, living on the streets in a crowded city. Which of the following risk factors is he facing?
social conditions
Which of the following statements about the antisocial personality is FALSE?
They are, typically, crazed murderers
Fear of enclosed spaces would be categorized as a _____phobia.
specific
Tyron believes he is seeing bats flying around his apartment even though no one else can see them. This is and example of
hallucinatory thinking
Dementia is caused by
Alzheimer's disease, poor circulation, shrinking of the brain.
Brendon goes to the doctor, complaining that his body smells funny and that he is rotting inside. He is probably suffering from a
somatic type delusion
Which of the following is not a symptom of schizophrenia?
selective attention
Psychological problems are classified and diagnosed by using the
DSM-IV-TR
Which of the following neurotransmitters is implicated as a biological cause of schizophrenia?
dopamine
Sharon was hospitalized when she cut her wrists in an attempted suicide. While in the hospital, she mostly was deeply depressed, with occasional bouts of hypomania. This would be ______ disorder.
bipolar II
Which of the following disorder would apply to a person who has amnesia?
dissociative
Into which of the following disorder categories would a person who has a sever loss of contact with reality fall?
psychosis
A problem that may occur with or without agoraphobia is
panic disorder
T or F
A person who is a frequent "checker" may have an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
true
T or F
The risk of suicide is high if a person has a concrete, workable plan for doing it.
true
T or F
Sociopaths usually have a childhood history of emotional deprivation,neglect,and abuse.
true
T or F
Personality disorders usually appear suddenly in early childhood.
false
T or F
A person who fears he or she will have a panic attack in public places or unfamiliar situations suffer from acrophobia.
false
T or F
Multiple personality is a dissociative disorder.
true
T or F
In bipolar disorders, people experience both mania and depression.
true
T or F
Delusions of persecution are a key symptom of paranoid psychosis.
true
T or F
Overall, women are twice as likely as men to become depressed.
true
T or F
Samatoform disorders occur when a person has physical symptoms for which there is an identifiable physical cause.
false
T or F
In bipolar I disorder, the person alternates between extreme mania and deep depression.
true
T or F
PTSD is classified as an anxiety disorder.
true
T or F
People with borderline personality disorder are commonly known as sociopaths.
false
T or F
Long-lasting, through relatively moderate, depression is called a dysthymis disorder.
true
Which type of therapy's goal is to lead clients to a deeper understanding of themselves?
insight
In psychoanalysis, particularly important unconscious conflicts may be revealed by
resistance
Client-centered therapy is an ______therapy that is _____.
insight,nondirective
Betty's therapist looks shocked at something Betty has revealed. According to Rogers, the therapist has violated which of the four conditions of effective therapy?
unconditioned positive regard
Behavior therapists believe that people can change the way they are through
learning more appropriate responses
According to cognitive therapists, ______ is a thinking error in which the person tends to let upsetting events affect unrelated situations.
overgeneralization
Which of the following is NOT one of the three elements of REBT?
anxious feelings
Family therapy tends to
be brief,be focused on specific problems,treat the family as a unit.
Research shows the about half of all patients feel better after only __ therapy sessions.
8
Deep lesioning, in which an electric current is sent through a fine wire to destroy specific areas of brain cells, is an example of
psychosurgery
Which of the following is true about ECT
ECT should be followed by the use of antidepressant drugs, it produces only temporary improvement,it causes permanent memory change.
Carl Rogers established
person-centered therapy
A psychological technique used to facilitate positive changes in a person's personality,behavior, or adjustment defines
psychotherapy
The most common technique you can use to overcome common fears is
desensitization
Therapist at community mental health centers charge
on a sliding scale based of the client's ability to pay
If your therapist tends to focus on issues of death,freedom,isolation,and meaninglessness, he or she would probably be classified as a
existential therapist
Which therapy would be more direct than the others?
Gestalt
According to Aaron Beck, negative ____ underlie depression
self-defeating thoughts
Free association is a basic technique in
psychoanalysis
One thing that both trepanning and exorcism have in common is that both are used
to remove evil spirits
T or F
Aversion therapy for smoking involves rapid smoking which seems to work because excessive smoking is unpleasant.
true
T or F
In psychoanalysis, patients avoid talking about certain subjects. This is called free association.
false
T or F
A behaviorial therapist would treat acrophobia with desensitization.
true
T or F
Encounter groups emphasize tearing down defenses and false fronts.
true
T or F
Asking closed questions is not an effective counseling skill.
true
T or F
Reflecting feelings is a counseling behavior that helps others solve personal problems.
true
T or F
The use of drugs to alleviate the symptoms of emotional disturbance is known as psychotherapy.
false
T or F
Pharmacotherapy can best be described as the use of psychosurgeries to alleviate the symptoms of emotional disturbances.
false
T or F
Many former mental patients who were deinstitutionalized have become homeless or are repeatedly jailed for minor crimes.
true
T or F
Behavioral therapists try to change troublesome actions, while cognitive therapists try to change thinking patterns that lead to troublesome emotions or behaviors.
