Silvestri-Fluids and Electrolytes

8.6 to 10 mg/dL

1.6 to 2.6 mg/dL

3.5 to 5.1 mEq/L

2.7 to 4.5 mg/dL

135 to 145 mEq/dL

• Bone
• Cartilage
• Within the cells

Within the cells

Calcium levels, because they have an inverse relationship

Refers to fluid inside a blood vessel

Refers to all fluids inside the cell

Refers to all fluid outside the cell, which includes interstitial fluid, blood, lymph, bone, connective tissue, water, and transcellular fluid

Fluid between the cells

Infants and older adults

The process whereby a solute (substance that is dissolved) may spread through a solution or solvent (solution in which the solute is dissolved)

The force that draws a solvent from a less concentrated solute through a selectively permeable membrane  into a more concentrated solute, thus tending to equalize the concentration of the solvent.

The movement of solvent molecules  across a membrane in response to a concentration gradient

The movement of solutes and solvents by hydrostatic pressure

The force exerted by the weight of a solution

The concentration of a solution

270-300 milliosmoles/kilogram (mOsm/kg) water

More electrolytes than fluid are lost which results in the extracellular fluid containing less electrolytes than the intracellular fluid

Has the same osmolality as body fluids (human cells)

• NS (0.9% sodium chloride)
• D5W (dextrose in water)
• D5W/1/4NS (dextrose in 0.225% saline)
• LR (lactated ringer's

Has a lower osmolality than human cells

• 1/2NS (0.45% sodium chloride)
• 1/4NS (0.225% sodium chloride)
• 1/3NS (0.33% sodium chloride)

Has a higher osmolality than human cells

• 3%NS
• 5%NS
• D10W (10% dextrose in water)
• D5W/NS (5% dextrose in NS)
• D5W/1/2NS (5% dextrose in 1/2NS)
• D5LR (5% dextrose in lactated ringer's)

Water than is lost through the skin and air expired from the lungs

They return again into the extracellular fluid