-
pica or geophagy
- eating of non-nutritive substances
- ex. clay, dirt
- iron defficency
-
myoglobin
transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to the muscles . gives red color
-
osteoporosis
- lack of calcium, pours bones
- alcohol, smoking, and lack of exercise makes it worse
-
electrolytes
- help to regulate body water balance
- Sodium, potassium, and chlorine
-
sodium free
refers to food products containing less than 5mg per serving
-
Edema
fluids accumulate outside of cell walls. due to sodium deficiency
-
osmotic pressure
the force that moves the water in to a space where a solute is more concentrated
-
goiter
- enlarged thyroid gland
- iodide deficiency
-
mottling
brown spotting on teeth
-
oxalates
kale, rubarb, chocolate, strawberrys
-
phytates
grains, oats, rice,
-
what interferes with absorption of Zinc
oxalates and phytates
-
list 3 minerals used in nerve muscle function
sodium, potassium, chlorine
-
heart failure my result from a deficiency of?
magnesium, selenium, potassium
-
physical weakness, lack of energy and apathy may be the result of a deficiency of
iron, copper, and iodine
-
the minerals found in high concentration in extracellular fluids are
sodium and chloride
-
the mineral found in high concentration in intracellular fluids are
potassium
-
what is the mineral least likely to be deficient in anyone's diet
phosphorus
-
list the 3 minerals that are most apt to be deficient in the American diet
iron, calcium, zinc
-
list the first 4 most abundant minerals found in the body
calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur
-
what mineral is important for bone formation and mitochondrial function
calcium
-
worldwide, the most common nutrient deficiency is
iron
-
which of the following in the best sports drink
water
-
diets deficient in minerals cause slow and stunted growth and decrease the ability to do physical work.
-
which mineral is considered to be an antioxidant
selenium
-
list the 3 minerals that are considered environmental toxicants
mercury, cadmium, lead
-
toxic amounts of _________ can cause mental retardation in children
lead
-
air travelers should ______ fluid intake because of the rapid circulation of the plains ventilation system may produce large losses of water through the skin.
increase
-
water balance in the body is maintained by balancing ______ outside the cell and ______ inside the cell.
sodium, potassium
-
pharmacologists consider 250mg of caffeine a large amount. this amount would be found in __ cups of brewed coffee.
3
-
potassium major sources
oranges, bananas
-
iron major sources
red lean meat, liver, peanut butter, dried beans, egg yolks
-
iodine major sources
seafood, iodized salt
-
fluoride major sources
fluoridated water, tooth paste
-
calcium major sources
dairy products
-
cobalt major sources
protein sources only (vitamin B12 only)
-
sodium major sources
salt, soy sauce, processed foods
-
zinc major sources
meats, whole grains, legumes, green leaves
-
selenium major sources
liver, meats, grains
-
zinc deficiency
lack of sexual development
-
potassium deficiency
heart failure
-
fluoride deficiency
dental caries
-
iodine deficiency
cretinism, mental retardation, goiter
-
iron deficiency
weakness, lassitude, anemia
-
water deficiency
dehydration and decreased physical performance
-
selenium deficiency
heart disease (cardiomyopathy), keshan disease
-
magnesium deficiency
uncontrollable muscle twitching and convulsions
-
calcium deficiency
osteoporosis
-
magnesium major function
synthesis and breakdown of energy nutrients and relaxes nerve impulses and muscle contraction
-
iron major function
bringing oxygen to the cell to liberate energy
-
zinc major function
essential for protein synthesis and growth and healing of wounds
-
iodine major function
regulates metabolism
-
sulfur major function
maintains the 3 dimensional structure of proteins, the proper function of enzymes and the ridged structure of hair, nails, and skin
-
phosphorus major function
DNA, necessary fro energy release/transfer, phospholipids in cell membranes, coenzyme function
-
chromium major function
glucose metabolism
-
copper major function
heals wounds, helps make elastin, protect nerve fibers, helps prevent anemia, part of many enzymes, involved in protein and iron metabolism
-
manganese major function
helps enzymes metabolize energy nutrients and clotting of blood
-
molybdenum major function
helps with activity of various enzymes and components of enamel of teeth
-
water major function
acts as lubricant, acts as a solvent, regulates temperature, shock absorber
-
iron toxicity
liver damage and heart failure
-
sodium toxicity
hypertension leading to heart disease
-
iodine toxicity
hyperthyroidism, decreased thyroid activity, enlarged thyroid gland
-
water toxicity
headache, vomiting, abdominal cramps, circulatory failure, and death
-
potassium toxicity
hyperkalemia
-
fluoride toxicity
mottling or brown spotting on teeth
-
lead toxicity
mental retardation in children
-
2 fluid compartments
- intracellular 60-70%
- extracellular 25-40%
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