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what do the drug names consist of
- chemical name
- nonproprietary/generic name
- proprietary/trade name
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chemical name
so the chemist can make the drug
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generic name
expired patan
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trade name
- name that they market
- name company gave to the drug
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what is on a drug label
- drug name
- concentration of the drug
- total quantity in that bottle
- information wether its a controlled drug
- expiration date
- unique storage condition
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generic equivalents of drug
- equivalent to the original compound
- companys exclusive rights expired
- sold at a lower price
- typically just as effective
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dosage forms
- tablets
- sustained-release- light sensitive, foil pack
- solution- evenly distrubuted
- suspension-shake before use
- ointments
- lotion
- injectables
- ampules- 1 time use
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drug references
- side effects
- contraindications
- warnings
- indications
- overdose
- dosage
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what book do you look in for drug references
veterinary drug handbook
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off label use
using it on a species in which it was not approved for
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components of a prescription
- drug name
- route of administration
- amout to be given (dosage)
- how often the drug should be given(frequency)
- how long the drug should be given(duration)
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% solution
ex) 10% solution=
- move the decimal to the right
- 100 mg/ml
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controlled substance
- portential for addiction
- required log
- classes (CI-CV)
- DEA certification number
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controlled substances examples
- morphine
- butorphanol
- fentanyl
- ketamine
- telazol
- hydromorphone
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efficacy
how effective or well the drug is
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agoinst
pormotes a respone by binding to a receptor
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antagonist
binds the a receptor and prevents a respond or blocks another drug
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therapeutic index
LD 50/ ED 50
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first pass effect
referes to how much of the drug is taken out by the liver to go to the body
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most drugs and metabolized by______ and excreted by the ______
liver;kidney
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cats and drugs
- slower drug elimination
- lethal side effects
- cats can't metabolize drugs as fast as cats
- famous for blood clots
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newborn and drugs
- less than 6 weeks old
- non-mature liver
- blood brain barrier
- review package inserts
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penicillins
- broad spectrum antibiotic gram +/-
- interferes with cell wall
- may cause allergic reations
- use caution in exotics
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what is the suffix for penicillins
- -cillin
- ex)amoxicillin and ampicillin
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beta lactons
- cephalosporins
- penicellins
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beta lactamoase I
resistance to penicillin
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beta lactamase II
resistance to cephalosporins
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what is the prefix for cephalosporin
- ceph- or cef-
- ex) cephalexin, cefatabs, cefazolin
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cephalosporin
- generation 1,2,3
- inhibits synthesis of cell walls
- big family of antibiotics
- gram+ and anarobic
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bacitracins
- common ingredient in topical antibiotic cream
- drug does not get absorbed well by the body
- toxin to the kidney
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aminoglycosides suffix
- -micin or mycin
- ex) gentamicin, amikacin, neomycin, streptomycin
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aminoglycosides
- affects bacterias ribosomal preduction of proteins
- potentally nephrotoxic and ototoxic
- used against gram-
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examples of quinolones
enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin
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quinolones
- interferes with DNA function of bacteria
- can disrupt developing joint cartilage-careful with growning animals
- broad spectrum gram +/-
- oral and injectable
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tetracyclines suffix
- -cycline
- ex) doxycycline and tetracycline
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tetracyclines
- disrupts RNA structure
- use with caution while teeth are growing
- use in heartworm positive dogs kennel cough
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sulfonamides
- sulfa drugs
- ex) silfamethoxine and sulfadiasine
- distrupts folic acid synthesis
- can cause dry eye (KCS) crystal in the urin and allerigic reactions
- board spectrum gram +/-
- used for porstatic disease
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lincosamide
- ex)lincomycin and clindamycin aka antirobe
- bacterial protein inhibitors
- used for bone and dental infections
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macrolides
- ex)erythromycin and tylosin
- caution with use in adult horses and ruminants
- used in foals for rhosococcus equine
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metronidazole
- flagyl
- also effective against protozoa such as giardia
- used for non specific diarrhea
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what are the side effects for metronidazole
neurologic side effects
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chlormaphenicol
- can cause myelosuppression
- caution when handling
- prohibited in food animals
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rifampin
- used with erytthromycin for treatment of rhodococcus equine in foal
- causes a reddish color to urine tears sweat and saliva
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suffix for antifungals
-zole
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antifungals
- amphotericin B
- nystatin
- ketoconazole
- itreaconazole
- griseofulivin
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antitussives
- blocks the cough reflex
- should be used with a dry nonproductive cough
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antitussive dugs
- butorphanol
- hydrocodone
- codeine
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butorphanol
- ex) torbutol
- synthetic opioid cough suppressant
- partial agonist
- centrally acting
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what does buterphanol treat
- relief of non productive cough in dogs
- analgesia and preanestheia in dogs and cats
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what is the side effect in buterphanol
sedation and atoxia
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is buterphanol considered a controlled drug
yes class IV
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what is the dosage form for buterphanol
injectable and tablet but dont use tablet
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hydrocodone
- ex)hycodan, tissigan, bitarteate
- schedule III opioid agonist
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what does hydrocodone treat
harsh nonproductive cough in cats
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what is the side effect for hydrocodone
potential sedation, constipation and gastrointestinal upset
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what is the dosage form for hydrocodone
human label combination product in syrup or tablets
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codeine
- sames as hydrocodone
- schedule V opiate
- not used
- a component of many cough suppressants
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dextromethorphan
- ex) predozon
- common ingretient in OTC non prescription cough medicine
- non narcotic centrally acting
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what does dextromethorphan treat
suppress a non productive cough
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what is the side effect for dextromethorphan
rare if given correct but drowsiness and gastrointestinal upset
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mucolytics
- reduce the thickness of mucus
- acetylcysteine
- administered by nebutlization
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expectorants
- increase fluidity of mucus
- guaifenesin found in robistussin
- used in productive cough
- thin down mucus
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decongestants
- phenylephrine
- reduce congestion
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bronchodilators
- stilmulates beta 2 receptors
- allows bronchial smooth muscle to relax
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beta 1
- in the heart
- stimulates beta 1
- increases heart rate and contractivity
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beta 2
- in the airway
- stimulates beta 2
- causes bronchidilation
- opens up the bronchi
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bronchodilator drugs
- beta- adrenergic agonist
- methylxantines
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beta adrenergic agonist
- ex)terbutaline and albuterol
- combats congestion
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what does beta adrenergic agonist treat
beta 2 specific bronchodilators
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what is the side effect for beta adrenergic agonist
tachycardia and hypertension
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methylxanthines
- ex)aminophylline and theophylline
- opens up the airway to help breath can cause excitment
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what does methylxanthine treat
bronchodilators in respiratory and cardiac conditions for mild heart stimulation
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what is the side effect for methylxanthines
CNS stimulations and GI upset
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respiratory stimulant
- ex) doxapram, naloxon, yobine
- CNS stimulant
- can be administered under the tongue
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what is the side effect fro respiratory stimulant
hypertension arrhythmia hyperventilation CNS excitation seizures
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