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black codes
laws passed in the South just after the civil War aimed at controlling freed men and women, and allowing plantation owners to take advantage of African American workers
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override
to reject or defeat something that has already been decided
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impeach
to formally charge a public official with misconduct
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Reconstruction
the period of rebuilding the South and readmitting Southern states into the Union
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amnesty
the granting of a pardon to a large number of persons
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adjust
to become more suited to new conditions
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exclude
to prevent from being involved in something
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suspend
to set aside or temporarily stop operation of something
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scalawag
name given by former Confederates to Southern whites who supported Republican Reconstruction of the South
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credit
a loan, or the ability to pay for a good or service at a future time rather than at the time of purchase
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corruption
dishonest or illegal actions
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academy
a school or college for special training
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integrate
to unite, or to blend into a united whole
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sharecropping
system of farming in which a farmer works land for an owner who provides equipment and seeds and receives a share of the crop
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commission
a group of officials chosen for a specific responsibility
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outcome
the effect or result of an action or event
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Grandfather clause
a device that allowed persons to vote if their fathers or grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction began
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poll tax
a tax a person must pay in order to vote
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literacy test
a method used to prevent African Americans from voting by requiring prospective voters to read and write at a specified level
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segregation
the separation or isolation of a race, class, or group
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lynching
putting to death by the illegal action of a mob
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clause
a special condition in a formal document
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