-
Sperm whale circulation
- deep dives
- feeds on squid
- dive over a mile deep and stay down for an hour
- Bradycardia- slowed heart beat
- vasoconstriction- restrict blood flow to unessential areas in their body
-
what organisms use passive diffusion?
small organisms
-
simple animals (such as cnidarians) have a body wall that is what?
- Simple animals, such as cnidarians, have a body wall that is only two cells thick and that encloses a gastrovascular cavity
- This cavity functions in both digestion and distribution of substances throughout the body
- Some cnidarians, such as jellies, have elaborate gastrovascular cavities
- Flatworms have a gastrovascular cavity and a large surface area to volume ratio
-
do more complex animals have open or closed circulatory systems
they can have either
-
what are the 3 components of both open and closed circulatory systems
- –A circulatory fluid (blood or hemolymph)
- –A set of tubes (blood vessels)
- –A muscular pump (the heart)
-
open circulatory system
- In an open circulatory system, there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid, and this general body fluid is more correctly called hemolymph
- In insects, other arthropods, and most molluscs, blood bathes the organs directly in an open circulatory system
-
closed circulatory system
- blood is confined to vessels and is distinct from the interstitial fluid
- Closed systems are more efficient at transporting circulatory fluids to tissues and cells
-
-
what are the three main types of blood vessels
The three main types of blood vessels are arteries, veins, and capillaries
-
arteries branch into what and carry blood where?
arterioles and carry blood to capillaries
-
Networks of capillaries called what are the sites of chemical exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid
capillary beds
-
venules converge into what and return blood from where to the heart?
venules converge into veins and return blood from capillaries to the heart
-
vertebrates contain how many chambers in their heart?
two- chambers
-
Blood enters through an what and is pumped out through a what?
atrium, ventricle
-
name 3 organisms with a two-chambered heart
Bony fishes, rays, and sharks have single circulation with a two-chambered heart
-
what happens in single circulation
In single circulation, blood leaving the heart passes through two capillary beds before returning
-
Amphibian, reptiles, and mammals have what kind of circulation?
Amphibian, reptiles, and mammals have double circulation
-
how is oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood pumped in the heart?
Oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood are pumped separately from the right and left sides of the heart
-
-
-
-
cardiac cycle
The heart contracts and relaxes in a rhythmic cycle called the cardiac cycle
-
systole
The contraction, or pumping phase
-
diastole
The relaxation, or filling phase
-
-
arteries have thicker or thinner walls that veins?
thicker (more pressure pumping through)
-
in the thinner-walled veins, blood flows back to the heart mainly as a result of what?
muscle action
-
arteries and veins have what 3 things
Arteries and veins have an endothelium, smooth muscle, and connective tissue
-
capillaries have what?
Capillaries have thin walls, the endothelium plus its basement membrane, to facilitate the exchange of materials
-
|
|
