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Labial
emotions go from good to bad in a moment
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Consciousnes
being aware of one's own existence, feelings, thoughts and aware of the environment. This is the most elementary of mental status functions.
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Language =
using the voice to communicate one's thoughts and feelings
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Mood and affect =
prevailing feelings
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affect =
is temporary expression of feelings or state of mind
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mood =
is more durable - prolonged display of feelings that color the whole emotional life
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Somulent =
- lethargic
- drifts of to sleep when not stimulated. Responds appropriately when awake, but slow and fuzzy
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Obtunded=
sleeps most of time difficult to arouse
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Stupor or semi-coma =
responds only to shake or pain
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Coma =
no response to pain
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Orientation =
the awareness of the objective world in relation to the self
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Attention =
the power of concentration, the ability to focus on one specific thing without being distracted by many environmental stimuli
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Memory =
the ability to lay down and store experiences and perceptions for later recall
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recent memory =
evokes day-to-day events
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remote memory =
brings up years' worth of experiences
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Abstract reasoning =
pondering a deeper meaning beyond the concrete and literal
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Thought Processes =
the way a person thinks, the logical train of thought
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Thought Content =
what the person thinks, the logical train of thought
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perceptions =
an awareness of objects through the five senses
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does general knowledge decrease with age
No
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does vocabulary change with age
very little or no loss
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response time change with aging =
slower than in youth; takes longer to respond; can affect in some circumstances
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Recent memory change with aging =
somewhat decreased
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remote memory changes with age =
not affected
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vision changes with aging can result in
may result in apathy, social isolation and depression
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hearing changes that can happen with age can result
produces frustration, suspicion and social isolation - may give appearance of confusion to observer
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losses in old age can result in
disorientation, disability and depression due to experienced grief and despair surrounding these losses
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Components of the mental status examination =
- ABCT
- appearance
- behavior
- cognition
- thought
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when should you perform a full mental status change
- when yo discover a change in behavior
- family members express concern
- brain lesions-trauma, tumor, brain attack
- aphasia
- symptoms of a mental illness
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what are some things in the medical history that you should take note of and that can change the pt mentation
- alcoholism
- chronic renal disease
- low potassium
- meds and their side effects
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mini mental status exam can indicate
- worsening or improvement of cognition
- only evaluates cognitive functioning not mood or thought process
- 24 or above shows no cognitive impairment
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glascow coma scale 7 or less means
coma
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set test =
- screen for dementia
- ask a person to name 10 items in each of four categories (fruits, animals, colors and towns)
- one point per answer
- no one with a score over 25 has been found to have dementia
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people must have what in order to test mental status
consciousness and language
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appearance includes
- posture
- body movements
- dress
- grooming and hygiene
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behavior includes
- level of consciousness
- facial expressions
- speech
- mood and affect
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what do you assess about a persons speech
pace and articulation
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additional testing for persons with aphasia
- word comprhension
- reading
- higher intellectual functioning
- judgement
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Dysphonia =
impairment in the volume of speaking (speaking very loud or softly)
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Dyarthria
impairment in articulations
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global aphasia =
- most common & severe form; spontaneous speech & comprehension is absent or
- reduced; poor prognosis
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Broca's Aphasia =
- úExpressive
- aphasia; motor speech cortex affected; speech is nonfluent, dysarthric, & effortful; auditory & reading
- comprehension are intact
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Wernicke's Aphasia
- úReceptive
- aphasia; association auditory cortex affected; speech is fluent, effortless
- & well-articulated but nonsensical and incomprehensible
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Flat affect
no emotion in face
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Depersonalization =
lost their identity
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Elation
euphoria at an inappropriate moment
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Ambivalence =
simultaneous conflicting thought's about a person or thing
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Confabulation
filling in the blanks when a person doesn't actucally no something
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Neologism =
making up new words
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circumlocution =
talking all around something but you can't get the word out
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blocking =
walking into a room and forgeting what you were going in for
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word salad
words that are unrelate
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preservation =
repeating verbal responses
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echolalia =
repeating the exact words that someone says over and over
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delusions =
firm, fixed, false, irrational beliefs despite evidences to contrary
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obsession =
unwanted persistent thougth or impulses
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compulsion=
unwanted repetitive, purposeful acts; driven to do it
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illusion =
- úMisperception of an actual existing
- stimulus, by any sense
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Hallucination =
- úSensory perceptions for which there are
- not external stimuli; may strike any sense: visual, auditory, tactile,
- olfactory, gustatory
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