Chapter 12 Art Appreciation

From the ancient greek word keramakos meaning "of pottery.
The art of making objects from fired clay.
Fired in a kiln.
Often hollow, functional, difficult to fire if clay is solid.

Special forming techniques used in ceramics

Artist rolls out clay into flat peices and then cuts the peices and put them together in geometric shapes.

Artists rolls out sausage strands and rolls them around.

Used coiling and smoothed out design. 
Known for this type of coiling design.
Responsible for "Blackware".
Used "slip" - liquid clay

Fastest technique of creating hollow ceramic.
A disc rotated by foot or electricity.
Results in a cylindrical form.
Artists molds clay with hand - Throwing

Mixture of fine white clay called kaolin and a finely ground petunse - porcelain stone.
Discovered in china

Cylica or sand is main ingredient.
Becomes molten when heated and can be blown into shapes.
Light can change appearance.
Very fragile.
Invented in middle east.

A special branch of glass work is a technique used to permit light to pass through.
Made by cutting sheets of glass in various colors into small pieces.
Peices are attached by lead.
Associated with Gothic times.

Contemproary blown glass technique

Used for mundane and sublime purposes.
Not fragile.
Can rust or corrode. Often melted down.
Can be heated into a liquid

Metal is shaped by hammer blows.

Example of Forging Gold

Example of forging.
held water used for ritual hand washing.

Example of metal work
Used idea of textile
Employ materials of poverty
Bottle caps/copper wire

Tends to be found earlier in frech quarter.
Hand hammered, labor intensive.
Simpler in design

Can pour metal into casts to get more shapes and detailed in design

very Popular
Easy to work with
Wdely available
Not as durable because of it's organix nature
Used for furniture predominantly

Well known West African Carver 
Commissioned to the king

Pliable threadlike strand.
Almost always from animal or vegetables.
Perishable.

Include silk, wool, and hair of animals

Cotton, flax, sisal, grasses

Highly valued by native americans.
Produed as gifts.
Sun stealing???

Example of Basketry

Usually involves using a warp and a weft at right angles to each other.
Done on a loom

Fibers that are kept taut.

Fibers that are woven thrpugh at 90 degree angel

Made by Incas - held textiles in high regard
Used as form of payment/wealth

Islamic culture
Usually no representations of humans/animals
Knotting tufts of wool
46 knots per square inch, 12,000,000 knots

Very Popular in the U.S.
Often associated with women.
Were made by slaves in the 19th century

Three more rarer materials used

Made from teeth or tusks
Commonly Elephant

Common name for nephrite and jadite
brown, white, green
Extremely hard and cool to touch
Translucent
Found in east/central asia and central america

Specific to east Asia.
Made from the sap of a tree that originally only grew in China.

Sap is purified in color before beong brushed onto wood

Example of feminist art work
Used female associated craft
Consists of 39 place settings in honor of women from history
999 names of women's names on floor