Chapter 13 The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity (Mastering A&P)

Anatomically, all general sensory receptors are encapsulated nerve endings. True or False
True False

__________ do NOT exhibit the property of adaptation.

A. Sensory receptors
B. Tonic receptors
C. Photoreceptors
D. Phasic receptors

Which of the following statements is true?



A. The effects of neurotransmitters released from either sympathetic or parasympathetic postganglionic neurons may be stimulatory
or inhibitory.
B. The effects of neurotransmitters released by somatic motor neurons may be either stimulatory or inhibitory.
C. The effects of neurotransmitters released by sympathetic postganglionic neurons are always stimulatory.
D. The effects of neurotransmitters released by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons are always inhibitory.

Which of the following is the site of the release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine?




A. terminus of a somatic motor neuron
B. within the ganglia of the parasympathetic division
C. terminus of a parasympathetic postganglionic neuron
D. within the ganglia of the sympathetic division
E. terminus of a sympathetic postganglionic neuron

Somatic reflexes activate __________.

A. skeletal muscle
B. cardiac muscle
C. smooth muscle
D. glands

What type of nerve fibers are found in the ventral ramus of a spinal nerve?

A. motor only
B. sensory only
C. both sensory and motor
D. autonomic only

The nerve fibers labeled B and C are both classified as which of the following?



A. type Ia fibers
B. gamma efferent fibers
C. type II fibers
D. alpha efferent fibers

Which of the receptor types contribute to the sense of touch by responding to deep pressure stimuli?



A. Free nerve endings of sensory neurons
B. Hair follicle receptors
C. Muscle spindles
D. Modified free nerve endings: Tactile (Merkel) discs
E. Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles

The first level of neural integration in the somatosensory system is the __________ level.

A. circuit
B. abstraction
C. receptor
D. perceptual

__________ are collections of neuron cell bodies associated with nerves in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

A. Myelin sheaths
B. Nuclei
C. Fascicles
D. Ganglia

The knee-jerk reflex is an example of a __________.

A. flexor reflex
B. stretch reflex
C. tendon reflex
D. superficial reflex

__________ are receptors that can respond to changes in pressure.

A. Chemoreceptors
B. Mechanoreceptors
C. Nociceptors
D. Photoreceptors

The circular structures shown within both pathways B and C represent which of the following?



A. nuclei
B. rami
C. tracts
D. ganglia

Which of the following lists the hierarchy of motor control from lowest to highest level of control?

A. segmental level, projection level, precommand level
B. segmental level, precommand level, projection level
C. precommand level, projection level, segmental level
D. projection level, precommand level, segmental level

Which of the following is NOT used to classify sensory receptors?

A. structural complexity
B. the number of dendritic endings present
C. location
D. the type of stimulus they detect

Which of the receptor types pictured function as exteroceptors?

A. spinal cord
B. cerebellum
C. brain stem
D. basal nuclei

Which of the receptor types pictured function as exteroceptors?



A
B
C
D
E

The primary nerve that controls breathing is found in which nerve plexus?

A. cervical
B. lumbar
C. brachial
D. sacral

The synapse between which of the following two neurons is a part of a monosynaptic reflex arc?



A. A and D
B. A and B
C. B and C

Which type of sensory receptor allows us to feel an insect landing on our skin?

A. nociceptor
B. thermoreceptor
C. chemoreceptor
D. mechanoreceptor

Neurons that control the voluntary movement of the arm would be associated with which pathway?



A. A only
B. B only
C. C only
D. B and C

Which of the receptor types pictured function exclusively as proprioceptors?



B
C
D

Which of the following is composed of encapsulated nerve endings?

A. muscle spindles
B. hair follicle receptors
C. tactile discs
D. free nerve endings of sensory neurons

Which pathways comprise the autonomic nervous system?



A. A only
B. B only
C. C only
D. A and C
E. B and C

Which reflex is important for maintaining muscle tone?

A. crossed-extensor reflex
B. stretch reflex
C. flexor reflex
D. tendon reflex

Which of the receptor types above might function as a nociceptor?



A. C
B. A
C. E
D. All of the listed responses are correct.

The five basic components of all reflex arcs.