Chapter 32

a complex disorder of carbs, fat, and protein metabolism resulting primarily from the lack of insulin secretion by the beta cells of the pancreas or from defects of the insulin receptors

severe metabolic complication of uncontrolled diabetes that, if untreated, leads to diabetic coma and death

• diabetes that develops during pregnancy
• it may resolve after pregnancy but may also be a precursor of type 2 diabetes in later life

hormone produced by the alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans that stimulates the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver

• hemoglobin molecules to which glucose molecules are bound
• used as a diagnostic measure of average daily blood glucose levels

• fasting blood glucose level of 126
• nonfasting blood glucose level of 200

metabolic complication of uncontrolled diabetes, similar in severity to DKA but without ketosis and acidosis

blood glucose level of less that 50

• gasting glucose level of at least 110 but lower than 126 
• defines a prediabetic state

a naturally occurring hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas in response to increased levels of glucose in the blood

organic chemical compounds produced through the oxidation of secondary alcohol including dietary carbohydrates

chronic excessive intake of water

excessive eating

increased frequency of volume of urinary output