Chapter 11

paint that is sudden in onset, usually subsides when treated, and typically occurs over less than a 6 week period

• a primary, chronic, neurobiologic disease whose development is influenced by genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors
• same as psychologic dependence

drugs that are added as a second drug for combined therapy with a primary drug and may have additive or independent analgesic properties or both

substance that binds to a receptor and causes a response

• substances that bind to a receptor and cause a partial response that is not as strong as that caused by an agonists 
• also known as a partial agonist

what occurs when a given pain drug no longer effectively controls a patient's pain despite the administration of the highest safe dosages

a drug that binds to a receptor and prevents (blocks) a response

• medications that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness 
• painkillers

pain that occurs between doses of pain medications

pain resulting form any of a variety of causes related to cancer and/or the metastasis of cancer

pain resulting from any disorder that causes central nervous system damage

• persistent or recurring pain that is often difficult to treat
• includes any pain lasting longer than 3 to 6 months, pain lasting longer than 1 month after healing of an acute tissue injury or pain that accompanies a nonhealing tissue injury

• pain that occurs in tissues below skin level 
• opposite of superficial pain

• most common and well-described theory of pain transmission and pain relief
• uses a gate model to explain how impulses from damaged tissues are sensed in the brain

medically used controlled substances and in legal settings to refer to any illicit or street drugs

pain that results for a disturbance of function or pathologic change in a nerve

processing of pain signals in the brain that gives rise to the feeling of pain

subclass of sensory nerves that transmit pain signals to the CNS from other body parts

analgesics that aren't classified as opioids

large, chemically diverse group of drugs that are analgesics and also possess anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity but aren't steroids

synthetic drugs that bind to opiate receptors to relieve pain but aren't themselves derived from the opium plant

describes patients who are receiving opioid analgesics fro the first time and who therefore aren't accustomed to their effects

• normal physiologic condition that results form long-term opioid use, in which larger doses of opioids are required to maintain the same level of analgesia and in which abrupt discontinuation of the drug results in withdrawal symptoms
• same as physical dependence

• opposite of opioid naive
• escribes patients who have been receiving opioid analgesics for a period of time and who are therefore at greater risk of opioid withdrawal syndrome upon sudden discontinuation of opioid use

signs of symptoms associated with abstinence from or withdrawal of an opioid analgesic when the body has become physically dependent on the substance

unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

level of a stimulus that results in the sensation of pain

pain occurring in an area away from the organ of origin

pain that originates from skeletal muscles, ligaments, or joints

general term for pain control situations that are complex and whose treatment typically involves multiple medications, various health care personnel, and nonpharmacologic therapeutic modalities

pain that originates from the skin or mucous membranes

drug interactions in which the effect of a combo of two or more drugs with similar actions is greater than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone

the general term for a state of adaption in which repetitive exposure to a given drug, over time, induces changes in drugs receptor that reduce one or more of the drug's effects

pain that results from a pathology of the vascular or perivascular tissues

pain that originates from organs or smooth muscles

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