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Apostle
- early teacher/ missionary of Christianity
- 12 orginal disciples of Christ
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New Testament
- second major division of Bible
- originally written in Greek
- collection of Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, epistles, and Revelation
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St. Simon Peter
- became head of Christianity
- founder of Church
- given keys to heaven
- executed by Nero- martyr
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First Apostolic Council
- should non-Christians convert ot Judaism first before Christianity?
- NO
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Gentiles
non-Jewish who Apostles tried to convert
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St. Paul
- persecuter until converted on the way to Damascus
- aspects of teaching:
- resurrection of Jesus fulfilled prophesy and created new age
- Jesus was son of God
- teaching proclaimed to all
- travelled converting Gentiles
- known for epistles
- used as scapegoat and executed by Nero
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Martyr
- one who dies/ suffers for standing up for what they believe in
- spread Christianity
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Eucharist
- Holy Communion
- commemorates last supper
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Baptism
- washing away sins
- evokes Trinity
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Patriarch
powerful bishops
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Pope
- most powerful religious figure
- holds keys to heaven
- has lots of political power
- decides who goes to heaven
- has power to excommunicate
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St. Jerome
- translated Bible from Hebrew/ Greek to Latin
- known as Vulgate (common)
- official translation until King James version
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Theology
study of nature of God and truth
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Ignatius of Antioch
tried to combine Classical and Christian ideas
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St. Augustine
- neo-Platonist
- written as response to pagans blaming Christians for sack of Rome
- City of Man- earthly and visible (destined to fall)
- City of God- invisible and eternal
- said church is responsible for everyone
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Constantine
- had dream of soldiers w/ Chi-Rho
- moved capital of Constantinople
- allowed clergy into gov. position
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Edict of Milan
Constantine legalized Christianity (313)
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Council of Nicea
Arian debate- God must have father
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Nicene Creed
- freed clergy from imperial taxation
- declared Sunday public holiday
- put Christian leaders into gov. position
- Jesus was a god
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heresy
anything different than what the Church says
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Appeal of Christianity
- for everyone
- love/ equality
- salvation/ forgiveness for believers
- gave role/ sense of importance
- personal relationship with God
- eternal life
- martyrs/ missionaries
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