Gastrointestinal 1

Primary function of gastrointestinal system

Where are nutrients contained?

Nutrients in food needed for

Food entering mouth

Ingested food broken down into absorbable parts

Digested food (nutrients) enter bloodstream

Undigested food removed from body

Muscular tube from mouth to anus

Process by which bolus moves through alimentary canal

Alimentary canal includes

Accessory organs of the gastrointestinal system

Function of accessory organs of the gastrointestinal system

Other names for alimentary canal

Mucous membrane with goblet cells

Protect structures below from acidic secretions

Absorption in small intestine is achieved by

Connective tissue below mucosa

Submucosa contains

Smooth muscle that contributes to peristalsis

Serous membrane that forms peritoneum in abdominopelvic cavity

Number of layers of muscularis in stomach

Walls of the GI tract, inner to outer

Serous membrane that lines abdominopelvic cavity and folds back to cover most organs in the cavity

Peritoneum contains

Function of peritoneum

Lines abdominopelvic cavity

Covers organs in cavity

Subdivisions of peritoneum

Posterior abdominal wall to small intestine

Form of mesentery subdivision of peritoneum

Structures of oral cavity

Functions of oral cavity

Mastication

Mechanical digestion

Beginning of chemical digestion occurs

What is partially digested in the oral cavity?

Deglutination

Only voluntary part of digestion

Tongue aids in

Function of teeth

How many deciduous teeth?

More proper name for baby teeth

Age before adult teeth come in

How many permanent teeth

How many incisors

How many cuspids

How many molars

Other names for cuspids

Three parts or pharynx

Lump of food that you swallow

Swallowing occurs by

Raise to keep food out of nasal cavity

Raises to seal off oral cavity

Covers trachea to keep food out of respiratory tract

10 inch long muscular tube

Length consists of laryngopharynx to stomach

Hole in diaphragm esophagus passes through

Functions of esophagus

Digestion occurs in esophagus?

J-shaped organ

Location of stomach

Divisions of stomach

Upper part of stomach

Part of stomach with greater curvature and lesser curvature

Lower part of stomach

Sphincter between esophagus and stomach

Sphincter between stomach and small intestine

Innermost layer of mucous membrane that lies in folds of the stomach

Number of layers of smooth muscle in the stomach

Functions of stomach

When stomach is functioning as storage, what happens to rugae?

Chemical digestion in the stomach is achieved by

Destroys swallowed pathogens

Digests proteins in stomach

HCl

Activates pepsin

Bolus turns into what in the stomach

Highly acidic semi-liquid material

Chyme is a mix of

Where does chyme go?

Longest section of the GI tract

Length of small intestine

Diameter of small intestine

Divisions of small intestine

Functions of the small intestine

Most digestion occurs in

Lining of small intestine secretes

Liver and pancreas release their digestive enzymes through

Chemical digestion of starches/carbohydrates to sugar achieved by

Chemical digestion of proteins to amino acids achieved by

Chemical digestion of fat to fatty acids and glycerol achieved by

Chemical digestion of nucleic acid achieved by

Amylase, peptidase, lipase, and nuclease located in

Amylase breaks down

Trypsin breaks down

Peptidase breaks down

Lipase breaks down

Nuclease breaks down

Most absorption of digested food and water occurs in

Increase surface area for absorption

Contain blood vessels to absorb digested nutrients

Contain lacteals to absorb digested fat

Large intestine begins where

Length of large intestine

Diameter of large intestine

Large intestine appears

Large blind-ended pouch at the beginning of the large intestine

Ascending colon located in

Descending colon located in

Ileocecal valve located

Vermiform appendix located

Order of parts of large intestine

Functions of large intestine

Occurs when voluntary sphincter relaxes

Digestion occurs in large intestine?

Digestion occurs in

Digestion doesn’t occur in

Destroys normal flora, causes diarrhea

Function of salivary glands

Moistens and lubricates food, secretes enzyme amylase, keeps teeth clean

Contains antibodies and enzyme called lysozyme to control bacteria in mouth

Parotid glands are located

Submandibular or submaxillary glands are located

Sublingual glands are located

Located in mostly RUQ, is the largest gland in the body, reddish brown in color, very vascular

Waste products are removed from liver by the

Hepatic portal circulation

Produces bile

Stores glucose

Modifies fats for use in body

Stores vitamins, iron

Forms blood plasma proteins

Hemolysis

Creates urea

Detoxifies or removes harmful substances (alcohol, drugs)

Gives feces brown color

Urea is released from where, travel by what, end where?

Glucose is stored in liver as

Function of bile

Where does bile leave the lobes of the liver?

BUN tests check for

Anemia overwhelms the

Muscular sac below liver

Stores bile which drains down common hepatic duct, then flows upward through cystic duct

Merges with common hepatic duct to form common bile duct

These two ducts merge to form common bile duct

Releases stored bile when chyme enters small intestine

Accessory organ of GI system that is responsible for fat digestion

Long gland that extends from duodenum to spleen

Exocrine secretions leave pancreas through

Pancreatic duct merges to join

Secretes digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate into small intestine to neutralize acidic chyme

Chemical digestion of starches/carbohydrates to sugar, supplied by pancreas

Chemical digestion of proteins to amino acids, supplied by pancreas

Chemical digestion of fat to fatty acids and glycerol, supplied by pancreas

Chemical digestion of nucleic acids RNA and DNA, supplied by pancreas

Endocrine function of pancreas