PSYCH 1200

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

The theory that we explain someone's behaviour by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition

The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behaviour, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as speaker's attractiveness

The tendency for people to who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

A set of explanations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

• The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent
• For Example: when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes

Adjusting one's behaviour or thinking to coincide with a group standard

Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

Influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others opinions about reality

Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal then when individually accountable

The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and it's members

A generalized, sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized belief about a group of people

Unjustifiable negative behaviour toward a group and its members

"us" - people with whom we share a common identity

"Them" - those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races

Tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

A physical or verbal behaviour intended to hurt or destroy

The principle that frustration - the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal - creates anger, which can generate agression

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increase liking of them

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relatonship

the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

The theory that our social behaviour is an exchange process, the aim to which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

An expectation that people will help those dependant on them

A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behaviour

Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical, and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive

Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction: a strategy designed to decrease international tensions