-
The Other peace treaties
- a. other ones made with other Central Powers redrew map of eastern Europe
- i. many of these ratified what the war had already accomplished
- ii. empires that had controlled E. Europe destroyed or weakened and new states appeared
-
Germans and Russians
- a. Germans and Russians lost a lot of territory and Austro-Hungarian Empire disappeared altogether
- i. new nation states, such as Estonia. Ausria, Finland, etc.
- b. Territorial arrangements also in the Balkans as Romania gained more land and Serbia formed new state of Yugoslavia
-
Parish Peace Conference
a. Although the Paris Peace Conference was supposedly guided by the principle of self-determination, the mixture of people made it impossible to draw boundaries along neat ethnic lines
-
Compromises
- i. compromises made
- 1. as a result of compromises, virtually every eastern European state was left with a minorities problem that could lead to future conflicts.
- a. Germans in Poland; Hungarians, Poles, and Germans in Czechoslovakia; and Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Macedonians, and Albanians in Yugoslavia became sources of later conflict
-
Centuries old Ottomans
- a. centuries-old Ottoman Empire was dismembered by peace settlement after war
- i. to gain Arab support against Ottomans during war, Allies promised to grant their independence
- 1. but, imperialism led France to take Lebanon and Syria, and Britain to take Iraq and Palestine
- a. these places were called mandates
-
Wilson oposed
- a. Since Wilson opposed annexation of colonial territories by Allies, the peace settlement created a system of mandates whereby a nation officially administered a territory on behalf of the League of Nations
- i. didn’t hide the fact that the principle of national self-determination at the Paris Peace Conference was for Europeans
-
Peace Settlement
- a. Peace settlement negotiated at Paris was under attack, but Central Powers and others who felt that the peacemakers were shortsighted
- i. some people agreed that the settlement was the best that could be achieved under the circumstances
-
self-determination
- 1. they believed that self-determination served well as central organizing principle, and the establishment of the League of Naitons gave some hope that future conflicts could be resolved peacefully
- 2. Within 20 years, Europe weoudl again fight due to lack of enforcement
-
Successful enforcement
- a. Sucessful enforcement of peace necessitated active involvement of its principal architects, especially in helping a new German state develop a peaceful and democratic republic
- i. the failure of the US Senate to ratify the Treaty of Versailles meant that US never joined League of Nations
-
Senate
- i. Senate also rejected Wilson’s defensive alliance with British and French
- 1. by end of 1919, the US was pursuing policies intended to limit its direct involvement in future European ears
-
retreat
- a. This retreat had dire consequences
- i. American withdrawal led Brits to withdraw and led France to stand alone, facing Germany as enemy
|
|
