cardiovascular system part 4

• rupture of RBCs
• and the release of hemoglobin into the blood plasma

• people with type AB blood do not have anti A or Anti B antibodies in their blood plasma.
•  They can receive blood from all four types

people with type O blood.  They can theoretically donate to all four blood groups

People's who RBCs have the RH antigens are designated Rh +.Those who lack Rh antigens are designated Rh -

• arises during pregnancy is a small amount of Rh+ blood leaks from the fetus through the
• placenta into the blood stream of an Rh - mother the mother will start to create anti Rh antibodies which will affect her next baby

• the possible donor RBCs are mixed with the recipients serum.  If agglutination does not occur, the recipient does not have
• antibodues that will attack the donor RBCs

• the recipients serum can be screened against a test panel of RBCs having antigens known to
• cause blood transfusion reactions to detect antibodies that may be present.

• is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is reduced. It is characterized by reduced numbers of RBCs or decreased amounts of hemoglobin in the blood.  The person feels fatigued and is
• intolerant to the cold

• the RBCs contain H6-S, an abnormal kind of hemoglobin.  When H6-S gives up oxygen
• to the interstitial fluid, it forms long stiff rod like structures that bend the erythrocytes into a sickle shape which ruptures easily.  People with this have some kind of anemia and mild jaundice

• is an inherited deficiency of clotting in which bleeding may occur spontaneously os after only minor trauma.  It is the oldest
• known hereditary bleeding disorder. nose bleeds, blood in urin and hemorrhages in joints that produce pain and tissue damage

• refers to a group of red bone marrow cancers in which abnormal white blood cells multiply uncontrollably.  The accumulation of the
• cancerous white blood cells in red bone marrow interferes with the production of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.  As a result the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is reduced and an individual is more susceptible to infection

• slightly bluish purple skin discoloration most
• easily seen in the nail beds and mucous membranes, due to an increased quantity or reduced hemoglobin ( hemoglobin not attached to oxygen) in systemic blood

an abnormal yellowish discoloration of the sclera of the eyes, skin and mucous membranes due to excess bilirubin (yellow orange pigment) in the blood

toxins or disease-causing bacteria in the blood. Also called blood poisoning