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ralejo
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Types of nondeclarative memory
- Skill learning
- Priming
- Associative learning
- Instrumental conditioning
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Skill learning
- Learning to perform a challenging task through repetition
- Impaired with damage to the basal ganglia
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Priming
- Repetition priming
- Change in stimulus processing due to prior exposure to stimulus
- Function of cortex
- Related to reduced activity in different cortical areas
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Associative learning
- Association between 2 stimuli, or between stimulus and a response
- Classical conditioning - neutral stimulus, paired with another stimulus that elicits response, same response when presented alone
- Conditioning requires intact circuits in cerebellum
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Instrumental Conditioning (operant conditioning)
- Behavior and its consequences
- Reinforcers are events or activities that increase the frequency of the behavior that precedes an event or activity
- Punishers are events or activities that decrease the frequency of behavior
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Types of memories
- Iconic memories
- Short-term memories (STM)
- Long-term memories (LTM)
- Working memory
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Iconic memories
briefest and store sensory impressions
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Short-term memories
- Last for seconds, or throughout rehearsal
- Events or things that just occured
- Once lost, lost forever
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Long-term memories
- Last for days to years
- Not limited
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Working memory
- Memory that can be retained for longer than seconds but stored for only a specific amount of time
- Can be retained without rehearsing them for hours or days without constant rehearsal
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Functional Memory System
- Encoding
- Consolidation
- Retrieval
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Encoding
sensory info encoded into short-term memory
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Consolidation
info consolidated into long-term storage
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Retrieval
stored info is retrieved
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Reconsolidation
return of memory trace to stable long-term storage, after recall
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Memory trace
- Record laid down by experience
- Doesn't deteriorate over time
- Interfered with by other events occurring before or after
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___________, ______________, and ___________ store information in the nervous system
Molecular, synaptic, and cellular events store information in the nervous system
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New learning and memory formation involved changes in the _____________________ in response to biochemical signals
New learning and memory formation involved changes in the strength of synapses in response to biochemical signals
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Neuroplasticity
- Ability of nervous system to change in response to experience or environment
- How memories form in the brain
- Increased neurotransmitter release
- Inactivation of the transmitter in decreased
- Greater effect due to changes in receptors
- Influence by other neurons
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Those is an enriched condition developed:
- Heavier, thicker cortex
- Enhanced cholinergic activity
- More dendritic branches and spines on cortical neurons
- Larger cortical synapses
- More neurons in the hippocampus
- Enhanced recovery from brain damage
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