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Toward the back of the body, and in the human head, toward the top
dorsal
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toward the stomach and in the human head, toward the bottom
ventral
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toward the front end
rostral/anterior
-
toward the rear end
caudal/posterior
-
above another part
superior
-
below another part
inferior
-
toward the sides, away from the midline
lateral
-
toward midline, away from the sides
medial
-
plane through brain as seen from the front
coronal plane
-
plane through brain as seen from the side
sagittal plane
-
plane through brain as seen from above
horizontal plane
-
making a connection on the same side (left/right) of the Nervous System
ipsilateral
-
making a connection on the opposite side (left/right) of the Nervous System
contralateral
-
spinal cord and brain; encased in bone and sheathed in the 3-layered meninges
Central Nervous System (CNS)
-
nerves outside the CNS
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
-
responsible for interaction with external environment (sensory/motor)
Somatic Nervous System
-
regulates internal environment (controls internal organs)
Autonomic Nervous System
-
thick outer layer immediately under bone
dura mater
-
spider-web-like spongy layer
arachnoid mater
-
filled with cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
subarachnoid space
-
pliant inner layer, conforms to brain and spine surface, includes blood vessels
pia mater
-
inflammation of Meninges
Meningitis
-
hollow, inner-connected cavities in brain produce cerebral spinal fluid
ventricles
-
"water on the brain," may be surgically drained
hydrocephalus
-
a complex web of arteries (incoming) and veins (outgoing) feed (mainly glucose) and cleanse brain
blood vessels
-
semi-permeable barrier, provides strict controls over chemical content of brain
blood-brain barrier
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