A&P II - Lab Exam 2

Movement of nutrients, salts and water across the GI epithelium into blood or lymph

To digest food and absorb nutrients, salts and electrolytes essential for health

Hollow tube extending from mouth to anus , into which various accessory organs or glands empty their secretions

• Process of breaking foods down into smaller diffusible molecules, down Physically & Chemically
• Physically: chewing or churning
• Chemically: by ezymes

-Alimentary Canal/ GI Tract (mouth, Pharynx, esophagus  and the small and large intestine.

-Accessory Digestive Structures (teeth, salivary glands, gallbladder, liver and pancreas)

Manipulates the food during chewing and initiates swallowing, which passes food to the Pharynx

• Nasopharynx
• Oropharynx
• Laryngopharynx, leads to the esophagus

• A passageway that conducts food to the stomach in a wavelike peristaltic motion 
• It has no digestive or absorptive function
• From the esophagus food enters the the cardiac region of the stomach

• Temporary storage region for food
• Site of mechanical and chemical breakdown of food; after food is processed in the stomach, becomes chyme, creamy mass
• From the stomach food enters the small intestine via the Pyloric Sphincter

In the Stomach, where the breakdown of Protein begins

• Enzyme is Amylase
• Begins in the mouth (salivary Amylase) then to the small intestine (Pancreatic Amylase)

• Enzyme is Pepsin
• Begins in the Stomach and onto the small intestine

• Enzyme is Lipase and Bile from the Liver
• Digested in the small intestine (Bile from the Liver and Lipase from the Pancreas)

Mechanical processing, moistening and mixing with salivary glands.(ie, Amylase, beginning breakdown of Carbs/ Starches)

Secretion of Bile (important for lipid digestion)

Storage of excess Bile

Secretes buffers and digestive enzymes

Dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials, preparation for elimination

• Muscular tube that transports solids and liquids from the pharynx to the Stomach
• Stratified Squamous Epithelium

• Enzyme Pepsin, continuation of breaking down proteins
• Absorption of water, vitamins, ions and organic substrates

• Duodenum: receives chyme from the stomach & secretions from the pancreas and liver 
• Jejunum: the bulk of chemical digestion & absorption occurs here
• Ilemun: final segment of small intestine

• Pushes food to the Esophagus (food goes from mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach)
• Stratified Squamous Epithelium

• 1. Storage of ingested food
• 2. Mechanical breakdown of ingested food (Chemical breakdown of materials via acids and enzymes,  
• Also mechanical processing through muscular contractions (turns food to chyme)
• ** Simple Columnar Epithelium

• Mucosa: inner most layer 
• SubMucosa:
• Muscularis Externa:
• Serosa:

contractions of the smooth muscle cells that proper food/ materials/ bolus along the length of the digestive track

Chewing - breakdown of food, helps saturate the food with salivary secretions & enzymes

• J Shaped, has Four regions:
• The Cardia: smalles part, the esphogus feeds into this section
• The Fundus
• The Body: largest region, serves as the mixing tank for gastric digestion 
• The Pyloris: section that feeds into the small intestine (via the duodenum)