Endocrine system part 5

several disorders involve human growth hormone

Hyposecretion of hGH during the growth years slows bone growth and the epiphyseal plates close before normal height is reached. Other organs of the body also fail to grow

Hypersecretion of hGH during childhood. An abnormal increase in length of long bones. The person grows to be very tall, but body proportions tend to be normal

hypersecretion of hGh during adulthood. Although hGH cannot produce further lengthing of the long bones, the bones of the face, hands, and feet thicken and other tissues enlarge

associated with dysfunction of the posterior pituitary gland, this disorder is due to defects in the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) receptors or an inability to secrete ADH.

hyposecretion of thyroid hormones that is present at birth, has devastating consequences if not treated promptly.  This condition causes severe mental retardation and stunted bone growth.

Hypothyroidism during the adult years which occurs about the five times more often in females. A hallmark of this disorder is edema (accumulation of interstitial fluids), that causes the facial tissues to swell and look puffy. They have a slow heart rate, low body temperature, dry hair and skin, lethargy and tendency to gain weight gain.

hyperthyroidism.  It is an autoimmune disorder in which the person produces antibodies that mimic the action of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) The antibodies continually stimulate the thyroid gland to grow and produce thyroid hormones.  A primary sign is an enlarged thyroid.

is simply an enlarged thyroid gland. It may be associated with other thyroid gland diseases

hypersecretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex.  Causes include a tumor of the adrenal gland that secretes cortisol, or a tumor elsewhere that secretes adrenocorticotopic hormone ATCH which in turn stimulates excessive secretion of cortisol. causes breakdown of muscle tissue and redistribution of body fat leading to spindly arms and legs accompanied by a rounded moon face.

hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and aldosterone.  The majority of cases are autoimmune disorders in which antibodies cause adrenal cortex destruction.  Symptoms include mental lethargy, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, weight loss, and muscle weakness.  The skin may appear bronzed

A pancreatic islet disorder.  The most common endocrine disorder caused by the inability to produce or use insulin.  It damages the cardiovascular system, excessive urination, excessive thirst, excessive eating.

most often results when a diabetic injects too much insulin.  The main symptom is hypoglycemia.

decreased blood glucose levels which occur because the excess insulin stimulates too much uptake of glucose by body cells.  Symptoms include anxiety, sweating, tremors, increased heart rate, hunger and weakness