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What is the cause of Rickets/Osteomalacia
Poor intake or utilization of Vit. D
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What is caused by poor intake or utilization of Vit. D?
Osteomalacia or Rickets
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What serum levels can be used to detect Rickets/OM?
Low serum phosphate and Ca levels
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What are signs of Rickets?
- Soft spot on head is slow to close
- bony necklace
- bowed legs
- big lumpy joints
- curved bones
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A child that presents with big lumpy joints, curved bones, bowed legs, a slow closing soft spot on the head and a bony necklace is likely to have what disease?
Rickets
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Osteomyelitis is what?
Infection of the bone
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What is the term for infection of the bone?
Osteomyelitis
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What are common causes of Osteomyelitis?
- commonly caused b ypyogenic bacteria like Staph
- Mycobacteria (TB)
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What are the two main types of Osteomyelitis?
- Hematogenous route
- Secondary OM
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Describe the pathology of Hematogenous Osteomyelitis:
- Sprad through blood and localizes on bone
- causes pus formation
- causes bone necrosis
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What are the symptoms of Hematogenous Osteomyelitis?
Bone pain and swelling
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Where is the usual site of entry for Hematogenous Osteomyelitis?
Skin
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What is the usual infecting bacteria in Hematogenous Osteomyelitis?
Staph aureus
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Describe Secondary Osteomyelits:
infection spread to bone from adjacent site of infection or open wound
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When an infection spread to the bone through an adjacent site or wound, what is it called?
Secondary Osteomyelitis
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Describe Acute Osteomyelitis:
- Intense neutrophilic inflammation
- abcess formation
- drainage of sinuses
- bone necrosis
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Describe Chronic Osteomyelitis:
- chronic inflammatory cells initiate repair process
- fibroblastic proliferation
- residual necrotic bone is called sequestrum
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Which pathological type fo OM contains sequestrum?
Chronic OM
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Which pathological type of OM has intense neutorphilic inflammation, abcess formation, draining sinuses and necrotic bone?
Acute OM
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Which type of OM has inflammatory cell intiate repair, fibroblastic proliferation, residual necrotic bone is called sequestrum?
Chronic OM
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What is Pott disease?
Tuberculosis OM of vertebra
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What is the term for Tuberculosis Om of the vertebra?
Pott disease
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Describe Pagets disease:
Skeletal deformity due to accumulation of excess amount of architectually abnormal bone
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What disease is a skeletal deformity where exess amounts of abnormal bine accumulate?
Paget's disease
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PAget's disease etiology is:
- unknown
- possibly viral (paramyxomius)
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Paget's disease is common in what races and rare in what others?
- Common in northern european whites
- Rare in Asia or Africa
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What disease has the charcteristic f Mosaic patterns of lamellular bone?
Paget's disease
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Paget's disease has what characteristic bone pattern?
Mosaic pattern of lamellular bone
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Paget's disease is associated with an increaed risk of what other disease?
Osteosarcoma (malignant bone tumor)
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What is another term for malignant bone tumor?
osteosarcoma
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What is the pathogenic effect sof paget's disease?
marked by bone reabsorption, followed by excessive bone formation
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What is another name for Paget's disease?
osteitis deformans
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What bones are commonly affected by Paget's disease?
Skull, spine, Pelvis, thigh and shin
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What is an osteoma?
Benign bone tumor
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Where are Osteomas usally found?
mature bones, commonly in head or neck
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Osteoid Osteoma (Osteoblastoma) is what?
Benign tumor of the bone (usually femur)
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What is the differnce between an Osteoid Osteoma and and Osteoblastoma?
An Osteoblatoma is greater than 2 cm ad a Osteoid Osteoma is less than 2cm in diamter
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What is the occurance of Osteoid Ostoma or Osteoblastoma between men and women?
M:W 2:1
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What bones are involved in Osteiod Osteoma and Osteoblastoma?
Any bone, 50% are the femur
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What age group commonly gets Osteoid Ostoma?
20s to 30s
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Histologically what do Osteoid Osteoma look like?
Resemble normal bone
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