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cephalization
- evolutionary development towards a centralization of neural and sensory organs in the head/anterior (rostral) region of the body
- increased number of neurons in head
- highest level reached in human brain
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cerebral cortex
- 40% mass of brain
- site of conscious mind: awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding
- thin (2-4 mm) superficial layer of gray matter
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association fibers
horizontal; connect different parts of same hemisphere
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commissural fibers
horizontal; connect gray matter of 2 hemispheres
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projection fibers
vertical; connect hemispheres with lower brain or spinal cord
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diencephalon
- 3 paired structures: thalamus - hypothalamus - epithalamus
- encloses third ventricle
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arbor vitae
treelike pattern of cerebellar white matter
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