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senescence
the natural physical decline brought about by aging
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secondary aging
changes in physical and cognitive functioning that are due to illness, health habits and other individual differences, but which are not due to increased age itself and are not inevitable
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primary aging
aging that involves universal and irreversible changes that due to genetic programming occur as people get older
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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
mandates full access to public establishments such as stores, office buildings, hotels, and theaters
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psychosomatic disorders
medical problems caused by the interaction of psychological, emotional, and physical difficulties
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hardiness
a personality characteristic associated with a lower rate of stress-related illness
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coping
the effort to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress
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emotional intelligence
the set of skills that underlie the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of emotions
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creativity
the combination of responses or ideas in novel ways
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social clock
the culturally determined psychological timepiece providing a sense of whether we have reached the major benchmarks of life at the appropriate time in comparison with our peers.
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marriage gradient
The tendency for men to marry women who are slightly younger, smaller, and lower in status, and women to marry men who are slightly older, larger, and higher in status
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cohabitation
couples living together without being married
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replacement level
the number of children that one generation must produce to be able to replenish its numbers
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Percentage of people in the US involved in enough exercise to give them good physical health
less then 10%
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The top killers of adults in their 20s and 30s
- Accidents
- AIDS
- Cancer
- Heart diesease
- Suicide
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Age at which illness and disease overtake accidents as the leading cause of death
35
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Most likely cause of death for African Americans and Hispanic Americans
homicide
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Percentage of young adults ages 18 to 29 who are obese
12%
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Lazarus and Folkman's research on stress
- Primary Appraisal
- Secondary Appraisal
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K Warner Schaie's stages of cognitive development and the main developmental tasks
Aquisitive stage: attaining long term goals
Achieving stage: achieving those goals
Executive Stage:take a broader perspective than earlier
Responsible stage: concerns about personal situation
Reintegrative stage: focus is on tasks that have personal meaning
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Sternberg's proposed theory of intellignce
Triarchic theory of intelligence- intelligence is made up of three major components; componential, experiential, and contextual
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Sources of happiness for young adults
relationships, new jobs, moving into their own apartment
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Eriksons stage of development
Intimacy versus isolation stage: the period of post adolescence into the early 30s that focuses on developing close relationships with others.
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STimul-value-role (SVR) theory
the theory that relationships proceed in a fixed order of three stages: stimulus, value, and role
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Hatfield and Berschied's research
labeling theory of passionate love: individuals experience romantic love when two events occur together: intense physiological arousal and situational cues that indicated that "love" is the appropriate label for the feelings they are experiencing
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Sternberg's theory of love
Intimacy component- encompasses feelings of closeness, affection, and connectedness
Passion component: comprises the motivational drives relating to sex, physical closeness, and romance
Decision/commitment component: initial cognition that one loves another person and the longer-term determination to maintain that love
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Adult attachment styles
Secure attachement
Avoident attachement
Ambivalent attachment
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Reasons why young adults choose to have children
to derive pleasure from watching their children grow, fulfillment from their children's accomplishments, satisfaction from seeing them become successful, and and enjoyment from for gin a close bond with their children.
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Vaillant's research
Career consolidation- a stage that is entered between the ages of 20 and 40 when young adults became centered on their careers
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Ginzberg's theory
fantasy period: lasts until age 11, when career choices are made, and discarded, without regard to skills, abilities or available job opportunities
Tentative period: adolescence. people begin to think in pragmatic terms about the requirements of various jobs and how their own abilities might fit with them
Realistic period: early adulthood: when people begin to explore specific career options either through actual experience on the job or through training for a profession and then narrow their choices and make a commitment
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Holland's Personality Type theory
- Realistic
- Intellectual
- Social
- Conventional
- Enterprising
- Artistic
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Gilligan's three stages of moral development for women
- 1- Orientation toward individual survival
- 2- goodness as self sacrifice
- 3- morality of nonviolence
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Reasons for friendships
- Proximity
- Similarity
- Personal qualities
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College attendance
More women than men attend college. White people attend more
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Extrinsic motivation
drives people to obtain tangible rewards, such as money and prestige
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Intrinsic motivation
work for their own enjoyment, for personal rewards, not just for the financial rewards a job may bring
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Communal proffessions
occupations associated with relationships
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post formal thought
thinking that acknowledges that adult predicaments must sometimes be solved in relativistic terms
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Autonomy
having independence and a sense of control over one's life
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