In the early 1900s the leading causes of death in the United States were
infectious diseases
Life expectancy in the United States has increased significantly since the early 1900s because
of better advances in sanitation and medical care
Today's major health issues and leading causes of death are primarily influenced by
behavior and lifestyles
Mortality statistics describe
death rates
Behaviors that increase susceptibility to negative health consequences are
risk behaviors.
Taking positive action now to avoid becoming sick later is known as
disease prevention.
An example of secondary prevention is
joining a smoking cessation program.
An exercise and healthy eating plan to recover from coronary bypass surgery is an example of
tertiary prevention.
Motor vehicle safety is viewed as an achievement in public health due to
all of these
Recognition of tobacco as a health hazard is
one of the ten greatest public health achievements of the twentieth century.
Clean safe water and improved sanitation have contributed to
control of infectious disease.
The number of new cases of an illness each year is referred to as
incidence.
The usual number of cases of an illness occurring in the United States would be reported as the
prevalence.
The leading cause of death for Americans is
heart disease.
Factors that may add "life to your years" include
all of these
Actions that increase susceptibility to negative health outcomes and motivate people to change their behaviors are
risk behaviors.
Visualizing being successful at a weight loss program is an example of
imagined rehearsal.
Observing a friend's successful attempts to quit smoking in order to help yourself quit smoking is an example of
modeling.
An example of shaping is
starting with small changes in behavior and gradually increasing the changes.
When setting realistic goals consider
all of these
A level of functioning in which systems operate smoothly and maintain equilibrium is termed
homeostasis.
Attempting to return to normal or homeostasis after a crisis is termed
adaptive response.
Positive stress that presents the opportunity for personal growth and satisfaction is called
eustress.
An example of an event most likely to be associated with eustress is
getting the highest score in the class on a difficult exam.
Negative stress that can lead to debilitating stress and strain is called
distress.
The term describing what happens when we perceive danger is called
fight or flight response.
A student's first response to the prospect of an unannounced exam would be
alarm.
The section of the brain that functions as the control center of the sympathetic nervous system and initiates the stress response is
hypothalamus.
The stress hormone cortisol has a major role in the following during the stress response:
mobilizing nutrients in the blood
All of the following are true about epinephrine except:
Its release is stimulated by the pituitary gland.
Research on stress and body function have found that prolonged stress
reduces the effectiveness of the immune response.
The part of the nervous system that slows down the body systems stimulated by the stress response is called the
parasympathetic nervous system.
Longitudinal studies involving stress have demonstrated that
all of these
The primary hormone responsible for physiological stress responses such as increased heart rate is
epinephrine.
You just realized that you have a ten-page paper due tomorrow and you haven't even started it yet. The part of the brain that determines the overall reaction to stress such as this is the
hypothalamus.
Too much stress contributes to physiological changes including
hardening of the arteries.
Disease-fighting mechanisms in students may be weaker
all of these
The following is the best example of conflict:
wanting to go to a party but needing to study
People with higher levels of stress reported ________ than people with lower levels of stress.
more upper respiratory illnesses
Exercise reduces stress by
increasing endorphins and reducing stress chemicals called cortisols.
Eating healthy foods helps in managing stress because
energy is produced and some nutrients are needed during stressful times.
A time management tip to reduce stress:
Make a list of tasks prioritize
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is associated with
all of the above
Which is not associated with the Alarm Phase of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
increased digestive system activity
During a stress response the __________ releases adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH).
anterior pituitary
Research has shown evidence of a link between the mind's reaction to stress and how the immune system functions.
True
Research suggests that too much stress can adversely affect the cardiovascular system.
True
Regular exercise a sound diet
True
Lack of proper sleep (rest) and distress can make you more susceptible to the flu.
True
The best defense against CVD is
prevention.
The size of the human heart is about
the size of your fist.
The upper chambers of the heart are called
atria.
The name of the heart valve that is between his left atrium and left ventricle is the ________ valve.
mitral
Arteries carry blood away from the heart with the exception of the ________ arteries
pulmonary
The blood vessels that permit the exchange of oxygen carbon dioxide
capillaries.
The average heart beats
70-80 beats per minute.
An adult with a damaged SA node
must have a mechanical pacemaker implanted to control the heart rhythm.
The medical term for the "thickening" of the arteries caused by fatty deposits cholesterol
atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis is actually a type of
arteriosclerosis.
All of the following are methods of reducing risk for CVD except
increase triglycerides in your blood.
All of the following are involved in congestive heart failure except:
no accumulation of blood in the legs ankles
The common name for a cerebrovascular accident is
stroke.
The following total cholesterol readings are within the recommended range:
185 mg/dl
Systolic pressure refers to
pressure in the vessels when the heart is contracting.
Blood pressure is usually defined as normal when a reading is below
120/80.
Obesity puts a strain on the heart because
the heart works harder to move blood through the extra pounds of fat.
How fat is distributed on the body contributes to risk for heart disease. The shape that is considered a higher risk is a(n)
apple.
Being completely cured of cancer means
no cancer symptoms five years after diagnosis and long life expectancy.
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by
uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
A benign tumor means that the tumor is
non-cancerous.
A malignant tumor means that the tumor is
cancerous.
A biopsy in a woman who has had breast cancer has shown that the cancer is now in her lymph nodes. The process of malignant cells moving throughout the body is called
metastasis.
One theory of cancer development claims that cancer-causing genes present on chromosomes
oncogenes.
The type of cancer that continues to be the leading cancer killer in both men and women is
lung.
A key factor in breast cancer survival is
individual recognition of early symptoms.
Obesity together with a family history of polyps and colitis
colon cancer.
In the "ABCD" rule for symptoms of melanoma the "D" stands for
diameter.
The age group at highest risk for testicular cancer is
17-34.
The best time to perform a testicular self-exam is
right after a bath or shower.
The warning signs of cancer include all of the following except
being unusually hungry.
Microscopic organisms that are disease-causing agents are termed
pathogens.
Organisms that live in peaceful coexistence with their human hosts are an example of
endogenous microorganisms.
The following is not a bacterial infection:
influenza
This disease occurs mainly in menstruating women. The symptoms are high fever headache
toxic shock syndrome.
If left untreated periodontal disease can result in
tooth loss.
The following is not a viral infection:
athlete's foot
A common water-borne protozoan disease is
giardiasis.
An example of a self replicating protein based agent that systematically destroys brain cells is/are
prions.
Infectious mononucleosis is caused by
Epstein-Barr Virus.
The routes of transmission of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 are which of the following?
all of these
The most commonly reported sexually transmitted infection in the United States is
chlamydia.
Babies born to mothers with herpes should
be delivered by cesarean section.
The following is true about HIV:
women accounted for over 50% of new cases in 2002
When the body overreacts to relatively harmless antigens by developing an overly elaborate protective mechanism we call this response a(n)
allergic response
The major risk factor for chronic bronchitis is
cigarette smoking
The disease characterized by abnormal growth of uterine tissue outside the uterine area is called
endometriosis
The following is true about Type 1 diabetes:
It is characterized by permanent insulin deficiency
Research indicates that most peptic ulcers result from an infection of a common bacterium
Helicobacter pylori
A repetitive stress injury that causes an irritation to the median nerve in the wrist is called