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What is it called when the testis do not descend?
Cryptochidism
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When do the Testes usually descend into the scrotum?
At birth
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What changes in the male urogenital system should occur at birth?
The testes should descend into the scrotum
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What is the cause of Cryptochidism?
Cause unknown
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What are possible complications of Cryptohidism?
- More susceptible to:
- Torsion
- Infarction
- Infertility
- Testicular cancer
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What disease makes patients more susceptible to infertility, testicular cancer, infarction and torsion?
Cryptochidism
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What pathology is associated with Cryptochidism?
- Atrophied seminiferous tubules
- Intratubular germ cell neoplasms
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What disease is associated with intratubular germ cell neoplasms and atrophied seminiferous tubules?
Cryptochidism
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What is the treatment for Cryptochidism?
Surgical lowing of testes called orchioplexy
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What is orchioplexy?
Surgical lowering of the testes to correct Cryptochidism
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What is Hydrocele?
Fluid build-up in the tunica virginalis or along the spermatic cord
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What disease is characterized by fluid build-up along the spermatic cord or tunica vaginalis?
Hydrocele
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What are the causes of Hydrocele?
- Tumor
- Idiopathic
- Infection
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What are the causes of Testicular atrophy?
- Athersclerosis
- Cryptochidism
- Malnutrition
- Irradiation
- Hypothyroidism
- Inflammatory orchitis
- Hormonal
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Athersclerosis, Malnutrition, Crytochidism, Inflammatory orchitis, Irradiation and Hormonal changes can all cause what?
Testicular atrophy
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What is another term for testicular torsion?
Infarction of the testes
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Describe testicular torsion (infarction of the testes):
Twisting of the spermatic cord cutting off arterial blood supply and venous drainage
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What disease is characterized by the twisting of the spermatic cord cutting of arterial supply and venous drainage?
Testicular torsion (aka. Infarction of the testes)
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In what age group is testicular torsion most common?
Adolescence
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What are the symptoms of testicular torsion?
Rapid onset of severe pain
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How is testicular torsion corrected?
Surgery (surgical emergency)
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What Urogenital disease of males is a surgical emergency?
Testicular torsion
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An adolescent male with a rapid onset of severe testicular pain is most likely suffering from what disease?
Testicular torsion
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What is the most common cause of scrotal enlargement?
Hydrocele
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What is the treatment for Hydrocele?
Open sac to drain fluid
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Which is more common Orchitis or Epididymitis?
Epididymitis
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What is orchitis?
Inflammation of the testes and epididymis
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What is epididymitis?
Inflammation of the testes
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Inflammation of the testes and epididymis is called:
Orchitis or Epididymitis
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What are the causes of orchitis or epididymitis?
- Mumps
- Tuberculosis
- Autoimmune diseases
- STDs
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STDs, mumps, tuberculosis and autoimmune diseases can all lead to what disease?
- Orchitis or Epididymitis
- What are the symptoms of orchitis and epididymitis?
- Pain and swelling
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What group is most unlikely to develop mumps orchitis?
Children
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What percent of adults develop orchitis secondary to mumps?
20%
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What group suffers from orchitis at a rate of 20% secondary to a mumps infection?
Adults
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What types of inflammation occur in patients suffering from orchitis or epididymitis?
Acute neutrophilic, lymphoplasmacytic or granulomatous
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What are the two main types of testicular neoplasms?
- Germ cell tumors
- Sex cord stromal tumors
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Germ cell tumors and sex cord stromal tumors are neoplasms in what tissue?
Testes
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What is the most common type of testicular neoplasm?
Germ cell tumors
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What proportion of germ cell tumors are malignant?
Almost all
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What type of testicular neoplasm makes up 95% of all testicular tumors?
Germ cell tumor
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Which type of testicular neoplasm is more likely to be malignant?
Germ cell tumor
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What type of testicular neoplasm is more likely to be benign?
Sex cord stromal tumor
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What cells do sex cord stromal neoplasms arise from?
Ledig cells or Sertoli cells
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Tumors that arise from ledig or sertoli cells are called:
Sex cord stromal tumor
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What part of the testes contains the ledig and sertoli cells?
Stroma
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