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what are the funcitons of the respiratory system
- provides an extensive area for gas exchange between air from environment and circulating blood
- incoming air is filtered of dirt and pathogens by mucous and cilia, warmed by superficial blood vessels, mositened by mucous while being sent to gash exchange
- production of sounds
- provides olfactory sensation
- assists in regulating body fluid pH
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What is the pathway of air through the respiratory system
- mouth, nose, nasal cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- broncioles
- alveolar ducts
- alveolar sacs
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what is the function of the nasal conchae
creates turbulence which allows airborne particles to be trapped by the mucosa, extra time for warming, humidifying, and olfactory stimuli
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what organ of the respiratory tract is a chamber shared by the digestive and respiratory system that is connected to the nose, mouth, larynx, and esophagus
pharynx
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what are the 3 part of the pharynx
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
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which part of the pharynx is the superior portion connected to the posterior nasal cavity
nasopharynx
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which part of the pharynx contains the auditory tubes and the pharyngeal tonsil
nasopharynx
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which part of the pharynx is located inferior to the nasopharynx and extens from the soft palate at the base of the tongue
oropharynx
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which part of the pharynx is located inferior to the oropharynx and is between the hyoid and entrance to the trachea and esophagus
laryngopharynx
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how does the larynx produce sound waves
air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal chords
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what does the pitch of sound depend on
diameter, lenght, and tension in vocal chords
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what happens to the pitch of sound when the distance increases and the vocal chords tense
rises
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what happens to the pitch when the distance decreases and the vocal chords relax
fals
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what is sound production at the larynx called
phonation
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what is the use of other structures to modify sounds
articulation
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what is clear speech dependent on
phonation and articulation
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where is sound amplified and given resonance
pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, and sinuses
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what organ of the respiratory system is composed mainly of cartilage and stabilized ligaments and muscles
larynx
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after air leaves the pharynx what does it pass through
glottis
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what organ of the respiratory system allows air to move from the larynx to the bronchi
trachea
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what part of the trachea stiffen the walls to protect airway and prevent collapse and overexpansion
tracheal cartilage rings
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what don't the c-shaped cartilage rings in the trachea protect posteriorly
to allow a large bolus down the adjacent esophagus
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what type of WBC in the respiratory system is located in the alveolar epithelium
alveolar macrophages
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what type of WBC phagocytize unwanted pathogens and debris
alveolar macrophages
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what part of the respiratory system separates the air in the alveoli from the blood in surounding capillaries
respiratory membrane
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what part of the respiratory system is a fluid that reduces surface tension between pleural membranes that prevents alveoli/lungs from collapsing
surfactant
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what 3 parts of the respiratory system contain surfactant
- alveolar membrane
- capillary membrane
- intersitital fluid
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what function of the respiratory system includes all processes involved in the gas exchange of oxygen, co2 between the ECF and environment
external respiration
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what are the 4 parts of external respiration
- pulmonary ventilation
- gas diffusion across respiratory membrane between alveolar air sacs and capillaries
- storage and transport oxygen and co2 between alveolar capillaries and capillary beds in other tissues
- exchange of o2 and co2 between blod and ECF
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what is the movment of air into the lungs called
inhalation/inspiration
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what is the movement of air out of the lungs
exhalation/expiration
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what organ of the respiratory system form the floor of the thoracic cavity
diaphram
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what is the shape of the diaphragm when it is relaxed
dome projecting upward into the thoracic cavity
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what is the shape of the diaphragm when its contracted
tenses and moves down causing an increase in the thoracic cavity volume
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when does the thoracic cavity become increased
when the ribs and vertebrae are moved up, inhaling
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when are pressure inside and outside the thoracic cavity equal
at the start of a breath
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when does the thoracic cavity pressue decrease
when it enlarges from diaphragm and intercoastal contracitons
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what focres air into the lungs
decreased pressure in the thoracic cavity
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when does the thoracic cavity decrease in size
relaxation of diaphragm and intercostals
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when does thoracic cavity pressure increase
when thoracic cavity decreases
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what forces air out of the lungs
increased pressure int he thoracic cavity
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what is one inhalation and one exhalation called
respiratory cycle
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what respiratory disorder is an acute and characterized by sensitive, irritable airways causing a decrease in V.C. and ERV
asthma
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what respiratory disorder is a collapsed lung
atelectasis
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what respiratory disorder is respiration cessation
apnea
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what respiratory disorder is labored or difficult breathing
dyspnea
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what respiratory disorder is a decrease in the size of the respiratory airways
bronchioconstriction
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what respiratory disorder is the enlargement of the respiratory airways
bronchodilation
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what is a small fiber optic cable insereted down the respiratory tract that performs bronchioscopy called
bronchoschope
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what is the application of cycles of compression to the rib cage and mouth to mouth breathing to maintain circulatory and respiratory function called
CPR
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what respiratory disorder is the chronic bronchitis and chronic airway obstruciton
chronic obstructuve pulmonary disease (COPD)
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what respirartory disorder is caused by a drop in atmospheric pressure and results in the formation of nitrogen gas bubbles in body fluids, tissues and organs
decompression sicknes
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what respiratory disorder is also called bends and includes mood change, seizure, and itching
decompression sickness
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what respiratory disease is a chronic, progressive condition characterized by shortness of breath and an inability to tolerate physical exertion
emphysema
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what respiratory disorder is casued by destruction of alveolar sacs, and leads to low ability for gas exchange
emphysema
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what is a nosebleed called
epistaxis
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what is the compression to the abdomen just beneath the diaphragm, to force air out of lungs to clear the blocked airway
heimlich maneuver
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what is the entry of blood into the pleura cavity called
hemothorax
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what is rapid and deep respirations called
hyperventilation
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what is the slow and shallow respirations called
hypoventilation
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what respiratory disorder is the inflammation of the pleural membrane and the release of excess fluid resulting in labored breathing
pleurisy/pleuritis
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what respiratory disorder is the entry of air into the pleura cavity
pneumothorax
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what respiratory disorder is the blockage of a brance of a pulmonary arter that stops blood flow to alveoli
pulmonary emobolism
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what is the insertion of a tube directly into the trachea to bypass a blocked larynx or swollen shut pharynx
tracheostomy
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