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Thrombosis, cardiac failure, shock and vasoconstrictive drugs can cause what disease?
Ischemic bowel disease
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What ways can ischemic bowel disease develop rapidly?
Thrombosis
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What can cause a slow onset of Ischemic heart disease?
- Cardiac failure
- Shock
- Vasoconstrictive drugs
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Which causes of Ischemic bowel disease involve the entire wall of the bowel?
Those caused by Thrombosis
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Thrombosis can affect what part of the bowel wall in Ischemic bowel disease?
The entire wall
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Cardiac failure, shock and vasoconstricitve drugs can affect what part of the bowel wall in Ischemic heart disease?
- The mucosa and submucosa only
- An ischemic bowel that had a slow onset and only effects the mucosa and submucosa is likely caused by what?
- Cardiac failure
- Shock
- Vasoconstricitve drugs
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An Ischemic bowel with a fast onset that involved the whole segment and causes necrosis is likely from what?
Thrombosis
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What is transmural infarction?
The whole segment of the bowel dies
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What is it called when an entire section of the bowel dies?
Transmural infarction
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Bowel Ischemis is common in what age group?
Older
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What complications can occur due to Ischemic bowel disease?
- Necrosis of bowel tissue
- Perforation (can be fatal)
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What complication of Ischemic bowel disease can be fatal?
Perforation
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What are Hemorrhoids?
Abnormal dilation of anal venous plexus
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What is the name for abnormal dilation of anal venous plexus?
Hemorrhoids
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What ways do Hemorrhoids present themselves?
- Chronic constipation
- Bleeding
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What other disease puts people at risk for Hemorroids?
- Portal hypertension
- Cirrhosis of the liver
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What types of microorganisms can cause food poisoning?
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What type of bacteria commonly cause food poisoning (5)?
- E. coli
- Sallmonella
- Campylobacter
- Staphylococcus
- Shigella
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What type of protozoa usually causes food poisoning?
Ameba
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What re the three MOST common causes of food poisoning an infectious diarrhea?
- Rotavirus
- Calcivirus
- E. coli (exotoxigenic strain)
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What strain type of E. coli is a main cause of infectious diarrhea?
Exotoxigenic
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What is bacterial enterocolitis?
Bacterial ability to adhere to and invade the mucosa of the GI (toxin also produced)
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What is the term for bacteria that can adhere to and invade the mucosa of the GI and produce a toxin?
Bacterial enterocolitis
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What is dysentery?
Blood stained stool
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What symptoms does food poisoning and infectious diarrhea have?
- Mucosal inflammation
- Diarrhea (varying in severity and duration)
- Blood stained stool (dysentery)
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Mucosal inflammation in the GI, Diarrhea and blood stained stool are common symptoms of what disease?
Infectious diarrhea or food poisoning
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What causes Traveler’s diarrhea?
ETEC = toxin producing E.coli
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What bacteria causes pseudomembranous enterocolitis?
Clostridium difficile
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Clostridium difficile causes what mucosal disease?
Pseudomembranous enterocolitis
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Clostridium difficle indirectly or directly causes disease?
Indirectly through a toxin
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What can cause an infection of clostridium difficle?
Prolonged antibiotics that alter the GI flora
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Describe pseudomembranous enterocolitis:
Membrane forms in GI made of mucus, fibrin and inflammatory cells
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What test is used to determine a C. diff infection?
Xpect
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What does the Xpect test for C. diff specifically test for?
C. diff toxin
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What are the three major areas of Malabsorption causes?
- Reduced surface area of GI
- Infection
- Defective digestion
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Reduced surface are of the GI, defective digestion and Infection can all cause what disease?
Malabsorption
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What are the three most common causes of malabsorption in the U.S.?
- Celiac sprue
- Pancreatic insufficiency
- Crohn’s Disease
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What is a common cause of reduced surface are in the GI?
- Celiac’s disease gluten sensitivity)
- Crohn’s disease
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Describe the pathology of Celiac disease?
- Mucosal degeneration
- Atrophy
- Inflammation
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What disease has the pathology of mucosal degeneration, atrophy and inflammation of the bowel?
Celiac Disease
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