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Where is there the highest incidence of stomach cancer?
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What are common causes of stomach carcinoma (6)?
- Diet
- Helicobacter pylori
- Chronic gastritis
- Genetic
- Pernicious anemia
- Atrophic gastritis
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What dietary components can cause Stomach cancer (4)?
- Nitrites
- Smoke meats
- Lack of vegetables
- High salt intake
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Nitrites, High salt intake, Smoked meats and Lack of vegetables can cause what disease?
Stomach Cancer
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What are the six ways that Stomach cancer manifests itself?
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- Abdominal mass
- Abdominal discomfort
- Bleeding
- Anemia
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A patient presenting with Bleeding, Abdominal mass, Abdominal discomfort, Anemia, Weight loss and Loss of appetite is symptomatic of what disease?
Stomach Cancer
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By the time of Stomach cancer diagnosis, what other organs are usually involved?
Lymph nodes
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How many main types of Adenocarcinoma exist?
2 types
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What are the two types of adenocarcinoma?
- Intestinal Type
- Diffuse Type
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What characteristics does Intestinal type Adenocarcinoma have?
Exophystic growth (growing outward within the epithelium)
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What is Exophystic?
Growing outward in the epithelial cells
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What characteristics does diffuse type adenocarcinoma have?
- Signet ring cells
- Thickened mucle wall
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Adenocarcinoma with signet ring cells and a thickened muscle wall is what type?
Diffuse Type
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Adenocarcinoma with exophystic growth it what type?
Intestinal Type
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Which type of adenocarcinoma exhibits “linnitis plastic”, no mass leasiona nd thickening of the stomach wall?
Diffuse Type
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What is “linnitis plastica”?
Thickening of the stomach, often leathery
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Which type of adenocarcinoma does not produce a mass?
Diffuse type
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What are the risk factors for diffuse type adenocarcinoma?
- Undefined
- HP infection and gastritis are often absent
- Gene mutation may be a prospect
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Which type of Stomach cancer is not usually associated with Helicobater pylori or gastritis?
Diffuse type adenocarcinoma
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What is Meckel’s diverticulum?
Remnant of embryonic structure remains
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How does Meckel’s Diverticulum usually present?
- Asymptomatic
- Symptoms similar to appendicitis
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A patient with symptoms similar to appendicitis could also have what other disease?
Meckel’s Diverticulum
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What disease is caused by a remnant of embryonic structure?
- Meckel’s Diverticulum
- What disease can be described as the narrowing of the outlet to the stomach?
- Congenital pyloric stenosis
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Describe congenital pyloric stenosis:
Narrowing of the outlet of the stomach
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What disease causes projectile vomiting at 2-4 weeks of age?
Congenital pyloric stenosis
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Describe the symptoms of congenital pyloric stenosis:
Projectile vomiting presenting at 2-4 weeks of age
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What is the pyloric part of the stomach?
Lower curvature
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What disease can also be described as congenital megacolon?
Hirschsprung’s disease
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Hirschsprungs disease is also known as:
Congenical megacolon
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Describe Hirschsprungs disease:
- No ganglion in rectal segment
- Narrowed rectum
- Distended colon
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What is the age of onset of Hirschsprung’s disease?
1 month or less, though variable
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What disease includes a distended colon, lack of ganglion in a rectal segment and a narrowed rectum?
Hirschsprung’s disease
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What disease presents as abdominal pain, distended colon and vomiting?
Hirschsprung’s Disease
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What are the symptoms of Hirschsprung’s disease?
- Abdominal pain
- Distended colon
- Vomiting
- Chronic constipation
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Describe a megacolon:
Distension of the colon to 6-7 cm
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What are causes of megacolon?
- Hirschsprung’s disease (congenital)
- Lesion of the colon (acquired)
- Trypansoma infection (acquired)
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Hircshsprung’s disease, Trypansoma and Acquired lesion are all means of acquiring what pathogenic abnormality?
Megacolon
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Are any remnants of nervous tissue present in children with Hirschsprung’s disease?
Yes, a nerve twig, just no ganglionic cells
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Ischemic bowel disease can affect what part of the GI?
Small and Large bowel
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Describe Ischemic bowel disease:
Loss or decreased blood supply to the bowels
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What disease involves the loss or reduction in blood supply to the bowels?
Ischemic bowel disease
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What four ways can Ischemic bowel disease develop?
- Thrombosis
- Vasoconstrictive drugs
- Cardiac failure
- Shock
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