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1. decision-making phase
The first part of problem solving, including three stages: intelligence, design, and choice.
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2. intelligence stage
The first stage of decision making, in which you identify and define potential problems or opportunities.
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3. design stage
The second stage of decision making, in which you develop alternative solutions to the problem and evaluate their feasibility.
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problem solving
A process that goes beyond decision making to include the implementation stage.
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4. choice stage
The third stage of decision making, which requires selecting a course of action.
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monitoring stage
The final stage of the problem-solving process, in which decision makers evaluate the implementation.
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programmed decision
A decision made using a rule, procedure, or quantitative method.
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nonprogrammed decision
A decision that deals with unusual or exceptional situations.
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optimization model
A process to find the best solution, usually the one that will best help the organization meet its goals.
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satisficing model
A model that will find a good—but not necessarily the best—solution to a problem.
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heuristics
“Rules of thumb,” or commonly accepted guidelines or procedures that usually find a good solution.
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