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What is the structure of medical words?
- Most medical words are composed of 2 or more terms. To define a medical word:
- -divide the word into its terms
- -analyze the terms
- -define the word
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Examples of Medical Terminology Examples:
- -pericarditis-
- -peri=around; card=heart; itis=inflammation (Inflammation around the heart)
- -Oncology-
- -onco=tumor, mass; logy=study of (Study of Tumors)
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How many categories of terms are there?
5 categories of terms
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Term + Term (.....+.....) =medical word
- There are 5 categories of terms:
- 1.Prefix-beginning of a word---(ex. Pre___; post____). Designated by a "___" after the term.
- 2.Suffix- edning of a word. --(ex. ___stomy; ___itis)--Designated by a "___" before the term.
- 3.Root- foundations/base of a word (ex. hepat; gastr).
- 4.Combining vowel-vowel (usually "o") added to a root (ex. gastro)
- Use a combining vowel when joining:
- a.root to another root (ex. gastrohepatitis)
- b.root to a suffix beginning with a consonant (ex. cadiomegaly)
- 5.Combining form - root +vowel (ex. hepat/o; gastr/o)
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5.Combining form - root +vowel (ex. hepat/o; gastr/o)
Designated by a "/" between the root and the vowel.
- Examples 1:
- Hyperleukocytosis:
- Hyper-(prefix)=excessive
- leuko-(combing form)=white
- cyt-(root)=cell
- osis-(suffix)=condition of
- Definition: Condition of excessive white blood cells (leukocytes)
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5.Combining form - root +vowel (ex. hepat/o; gastr/o)
Designated by a "/" between the root and the vowel.
- Example 2:
- Hematotoxic:
- Hemato-(combining form)=blood
- tox-(root)=poison
- ic-(suffix)=pertaining to
- Definition: Pertaining to blook poisoning
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Tips:
Some terms have more than one definition. To determine the correct definition in a particular medical word, analyze the other terms in the word.
- Example:
- Poliomyelitis:
- polio=gray (matter)
- myel=spinal cord, bone marrow
- itis=inflammation
- Definition: Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord. The bone marrow does not have gray matter.
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Tips 2:
Some terms may function as a root/combining form in one word and a suffix in anotherr word. Classification depends upon the specific medical word.
- Example:
- Cytology:
- Cyto-(combining form)=cell
- logy-(suffix)=sudy of
- Definition: Study of cells
- Example 2:
- Erythrocyte:
- erythro-(combining form)=red
- cyte-(Suffix)=cell
- Definition: red blood cell
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The Human Body:
A. Development-Cells, tissue, organs, system, organism
- 1. Cells: Major Components
- a.Cell membrane
- b.Cytoplasm
- c.Nucleus
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The Human Body:
A. Development-Cells, tissue, organs, system, organism
- 2. Tissues: Primary Types
- a.Connective
- b.Epithelium
- c.Muscle
- d.Nervous
- 3.Organs:
- a. Composed of 2 or more different tissues
- b. Have specific functions
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The Human Body:
A. Development-Cells, tissue, organs, system, organism
- 4. Systems: Related organs with common functions
- 5. Organism: A living person
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The Human Body:
B. Cavities: A space containing organs.
- 1. Dorsal
- a.Cranial
- b. Vertebral (spinal)
- 2. Ventral
- a.Abdominal
- b.Pelvic
- c.Thoracic
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The Human Body:
C. Planes: An imaginary flat surface.
- C. Planes-An imaginary flat surface
- 1.Frontal-anterior/posterior
- 2. Sagittal-Right/left
- 3. Transverse-upper/lower
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The Human Body:
D. A reference point for location or direction.
- D. A Reference point for location or direction.
- 1. Anterior/Ventral-front of the body
- Posterior/Dorsal-back of the body
- 2. Deep-away from the surface
- Superficial-on the surface
- 3.Inferior-situated below
- Superior-situated above
- 4.Lateral-pertaining to the side.
- 5.Medial-pertaining to the middle.
- 6.Prone-lying face down.
- Supine-lying face up
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What does acid/o mean?
- Definition- Acid/o----acid, sour, bitter
- Words-Acidity
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What does acu mean?
- Definition--acu--needle
- Words--acupuncture
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What does acu/o and acut/o mean?
- Definitions: acu/o and acut/o----sharp, severe
- Words: subacute
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What does adip/o mean?
- Definition: adip/o---fat
- Word:-adiponecrosis
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What does aer/o mean?
- Definitions:air, gas
- Words: aerophagy
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What does agit/o mean?
- Definition: rapidity, restlessness
- Word: agitophasia
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What does -algia mean?
- Definitions: pain
- Word: cephalalgia
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What does ambul/o mean?
- Definitions: to walk
- Word: ambulatory
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What does anomal/o mean?
- Definition: irregular
- Word: anomaly
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What does anthrac/o mean?
- Definition: coal, carbon, carbuncle
- Word: anthroacosis
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What does anthrop/o mean?
- Definition: man, human being
- Word: anthropometry
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What does antr/o mean?
- Definition: antrum
- Word: antrotomy
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What does aphth/o mean?
- Definition: ulcer
- Word: aphthosis
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What does apic/o mean?
- Definition: apex
- Word: apicotomy
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What does aque/o mean?
- Definition: water
- Word:aqueous
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What does atmo- mean?
- Definition: steam, vapor
- Word: atmometer
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What does axi/o mean?
- Definitions: axis
- Word: abaxial
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What does bar/o mean?
- Definition: weight, pressure
- Word: barotrauma
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What does bary- mean?
- Definition: heavy, dull, hard
- Word: baryphonia
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What does -basia mean?
- Definition: walking
- Word: baryphonia
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What does -basia mean?
- Definitions: walking
- Word: brachybasia
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What does bathy-, batho- mean?
- Definitions: deep, depth
- Words: bathycardia
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What does bio-, bi/o mean?
- Definitions: life, living
- Words: biogenesis
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What does blast/o, -blast mean?
- Definitions: early embryonic stage, immature
- Words: blastocyte
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What does -calculia mean?
- Definition: to compute
- Word: dyscalculia
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