CSCI 127 TEST 1

Binary digit (0 or 1) used to represent information such as numbers, text, images, and sound

• 00 - 0
• 01 - 0
• 10 - 0
• 11 - 1

• 00 - 0
• 01 - 1
• 10 - 1
• 11 - 1

• 00 - 0
• 01 - 1
• 10 - 1
• 11 - 0

Random Access Memory - memory in which individual cells can be easily accessed in any order

Dynamic Memory - RAM composed of volatile memory

• Magnetic Systems - Disk, Tape
• Optical Systems - CD, DVD
• Flash Technology - Flash drives, SD Card

unit of data stored in mass storage system

ASCII - uses patterns of 7-bits to represent most symbols used in written English text

Binary notation - uses bits to represent a number base in two

use of bit map with pixels

• Compressing Images:
• - GIF: cartoons
• - JPEG: photographs
• - TIFF: image archiving

sampling techniques used for high quality recordings - records actual audio

MIDI - used in music synthesizers - records "musical score"

• Compressing Audio:
• - MP3: temporal masking, frequency masking

invented the calculator

invented the earliest programmable loom

invented the first mechanical computer; "father of the computer"

created the first algorithm

invented the first computer virus

invented the turing machine (model of general purpose computer); "father of computer science and artificial intelligence"

one of the first programmers of the Mark I computer and developed the first compiler

developed a mechanical tabulator based on punched cards to rapidly tabulate statistics

created the Multics operating system

Central Processing Unit; arithmetic/logic unit and control unit with registers

Data Transfer - copy data from one location to another

Arithmetic/Logic - use existing bit patterns to compute new bit patterns

Control - direct the execution of a program

• 1 - Load
• 3 - Store
• 5 - Add
• 7 - Or
• 8 - And
• C000 - Halt

• 
• controlled by program counter (address of next instruction) and instruction register (address of current instruction)

• pseudocode -
• 

instructions in computer memory to make it do something

• CPU
• Main memory
• Secondary memory/Storage
• Input Devices
• Output Devices

devices that send information to the computer from the outside

ex. keyboard, mouse, scanner

• Key words - "reserved words"
• Programmer-Defined Identifiers - names made up by the programmer
• Operators - used to perform operations on data
• Punctuation - mark the end of a statement
• Syntax - grammatical rules

a named storage location in the computer's memory for holding a piece of data

converts source program into machine instructions